chapter 29 Periodontics Key Terms (old book)

Bacterial plaque

A local irritant that is a common cause of the inflammation of the gingival tissues.

Brown stain

Staining of the teeth generally associated with plaque and most commonly found on the buccal surface of the maxillary molars and lingual surface of the mandibular.

Bruxism

Teeth grinding.

Coronal polish

Procedure whereby coronal surfaces of the teeth are polished with rubber cups, brushes, an abrasive polishers, and dental tape.

Curette

Hand instrument for removing subgingival calculus, smoothing the root surface, and removing the soft tissue lining of the periodontal pocket.

Dental fluorosis

A condition caused by an excess intake of fluorides during tooth development.

Dental tape

Used in interproximal surfaces of the teeth with an abrasive agent.

Electrosurgery

Procedure that uses tiny electrical currents ti incise gingival tissue and coagulate blood.

Endogenous

Originating from within the tooth.

Exogenous

Originating from outside the tooth.

Extrinsic

Stain are on the outside of the teeth and can be removed by scaling or polishing

Frenectomy

Complete surgical removal of frenum including the attachment to the underlying bone.

Fulcrum

The support or point on which a level turns. Support when working in a patients mouth.

Gingival grafting

Procedure in which tissue is taken form one site and placed on another.

Gingivectomy

Surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue.

Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gingival tissue, marked by red, swollen, and/or bleeding gums.

Gingivoplasty

Reshaping of the gingival tissue to remove such deformities as clefts, craters, and enlargements.

Green stain

Discoloration most often in children found on the cervical third, containing chromogenic bacteria and fungi

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR)

A techniques that uses barriers membranes to maintain a space between the gingival flap and the root surface of the tooth in order for tissues to regenerate in a periodontal defect.

Horizontal bone resorption

A result of periodontal disease when there is equal crystal bone loss on the mescal and distal surfaces of the proximal teeth.

Intrinsic

Discolorations, usually permanent, inside the tooth structure.

Laser

A medical device that generates a precise beam of concentrated light energy.

Metallic stain

Discolorations of the teeth die to metals and metallic salts inhaled, taken orally in certain drugs, or as part of materials used in tooth restoration.

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)

Also called Vincent's disease or trench mouth, a common disease found in teenagers and young adults;causes include stress,smoking, poor diet, and poor hygiene.

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)

Disease found in patients with HIV infection and in patients with severe malnutrition and suppressed immune systems; symptoms include pain,bleeding, and extensive tissue and bone destruction.

occlusal equilibration

Process od alleviating areas with an excessive force.

Oral prophylaxis

Two-fols procedure involving removal of hard deposits and polishing of the teeth with a rubber cup.

Osseous surgery

Restoration of bone by removal of defects and deformities caused by periodontal disease and related conditions.

Osteoplasty

Firm of osseous surgery in which deformed bone is reshaped.

Pellicle

Thin, clear film of insoluble proteins, fats and other materials form saliva that forms with minutes of removal.

Periodontal dressing

Bandage-like material applied to protect a surgical site as it heals.

Periodontal flap surgery

Surgical separation of the gingiva from the underlaying tissue.

Periodontal pocket

Space in the gingival sulcus. Created by periodontal disease.

Periodontitis

The formation of periodontal pockets, occurring when margins of the gingiva and periodontal fiber recede and the supporting bone becomes inflamed.

Perodontium

A collective term for periodontal tissues.

Plaque

Any raised or flat patch in the oral mucosa.

Recession

Movement of gingival tissue away from the tooth.

Root planning

Process of smoothen the root surface with curettes and other periodontal instruments to leave a smooth root surface.

Scaling

Technique to remove plaque, calculus, and stains from the surface of the teeth.

Subgingival

Below the gingival margin.

Supragingival

Above the gingival margin

Tetracycline stains

Discolorations of the teeth resulting from high concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics taken while the tooth was developing.

tabaco stain

Light brown to black discoloration of the teeth caused by coal tar combustion in cigarettes

Tooth mobility

Movement of the tooth within the socket.