Anatomy & Physiology: Lab Practical 2

Head & Neck Region: #1-18 Thoracic/Abdominal Region: #19-40 Shoulder Girdle/Arm: #41-88 Pelvic Girdle/Leg: #89-142

Orbicularis oculi action

Closes eye

Orbicularis oculi origin

Frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit.

Orbicularis oculi insertion

Tissue of eyelid.

Orbicularis oris action

Closes lips

Orbicularis oris origin

Arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other muscles associated with lips.

Orbicularis oris insertion

Encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth.

Temporalis action

Closes jaw.

Temporalis origin

Temporal fossa

Temporalis insertion

Coronoid process of mandible.

Masseter action

Prime mover of jaw closure.

Masseter origin

Zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone.

Masseter insertion

Angle and ramus of mandible.

Sternocleidomastoid action

Flexion of neck, rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side.

Sternocleidomastoid origin

Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle.

Sternocleidomastoid insertion

Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone.

Platysma action

Tenses skin of neck

Platysma origin

Fascia of chest.

Platysma insertion

Lower margin of mandible, skin, and muscle at corner of mouth.

Internal intercostals action

Draw ribs together to depress rib cage.

Internal intercostals origin

Superior border of rib below.

Internal intercostals insertion

Inferior border of rib above.

External intercostals action

Pull ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage.

External intercostals origin

Inferior border of rib above.

External intercostals insertion

Superior border of rib below.

Diaphragm action

Prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction.

Diaphragm origin

Inferior border of rib and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae.

Diaphragm insertion

Central tendon.

Transverse abdominis action

Compresses abdominal contents.

Transverse abdominis origin

Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilages of last five or six ribs, and lumbar fascia.

Transverse abdominis insertion

Linea alba and pubic crest.

Internal oblique action

Flexes and rotates vertebral column; above; compresses abdominal wall; trunk rotation and lateral flexion.

Internal oblique origin

Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament.

Internal oblique insertion

Linea alba, pubic crest, and costal cartilages of last three ribs.

Rectus abdominus action

Flexes and rotates vertebral column.

Rectus abdominus origin

Pubic crest and symphysis.

Rectus abdominus insertion

Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7.

External oblique action

Flexes and rotates vertebral column; above; compresses abdominal wall; trunk rotation and lateral flexion.

External oblique origin

Anterior surface of lower eight ribs.

External oblique insertion

Linea alba, pubic crest and tubercles, and iliac crest.

Linea alba

White line is a narrow, tendinous sheath that runs along the middle of the abdomen from the sternum to the pubic symphysis. It is formed by the fusion of the aponeurosis of the external oblique and transverse muscles.

Pectoralis minor action

With ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and inferiorly.

Pectoralis minor origin

Anterior surface of ribs 3-5, near their costal cartilages.

Pectoralis minor insertion

Coracoid process of scapula.

Pectoralis major action

Prime mover of arm flexion; adducts, medially rotates arm.

Pectoralis major origin

Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 (or 7), and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.

Pectoralis major insertion

Fibers converge to insert by short tendon into intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

Brachialis action

Flexor of forearm.

Brachialis origin

Distal portion of anterior humerus.

Brachialis insertion

Coronoid process of ulna.

Coracobrachialis action

Flexes and adducts arm.

Coracobrachialis origin

Coracoid process of scapula.

Coracobrachialis insertion

Medial surface of humerus shaft.

Biceps brachii action

Flexion (powerful) and supination of forearm.

Biceps brachii origin

Short head: coracoid process;
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle and lip of glenoid cavity; tendon of long head runs in intertubercular sulcus and within capsule of shoulder joint.

Biceps brachii insertion

Radial tuberosity.

Brachioradialis action

Synergist in forearm flexion.

Brachioradialis origin

Lateral ridge at distal end of humerus.

Brachioradialis insertion

Base of radial styloid process.

Infraspinatus action

Lateral rotation of arm.

Infraspinatus origin

Infraspinous fossa of scapula.

Infraspinatus insertion

Greater tubercle of humerus.

Triceps brachii action

Powerful forearm extensor.

Triceps brachii origin

Long head: inferior margin of glenoid cavity;
Lateral head: posterior humerus;

Medial head: distal radial groove on posterior humerus.

Triceps brachii insertion

Olecranon of ulna.

Latissimus dorsi action

Prime mover of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm.

Latissimus dorsi origin

Indirect attachment to spinous processes of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, last three to four ribs, and iliac crest.

Latissimus dorsi insertion

Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

Serratus Anterior action

Prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest wall; rotates scapula.

Serratus Anterior origin

Lateral aspect of ribs 1-8 (or 9).

Serratus Anterior insertion

Vertebral border of anterior surface of scapula.

Trapezius action

Raises, rotates, and retracts (adducts) scapula and stabilizes it

Trapezius origin

Occipital bone; ligamentum nuchae; spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae.

Trapezius insertion

Acromion and spinous process of scapula; lateral third of clavicle.

Flexor digitorum superficialis action

Flexes hand and middle phalanges of fingers II-V.

Flexor digitorum superficialis origin

Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, and shaft radius.

Flexor digitorum superficialis insertion

Middle phalanges of fingers II-V.

Flexor digitorum profundus action

Flexes distal phalanges.

Flexor digitorum profundus origin

Anteromedial surface of ulna, interosseous membrane, and coronoid process.

Flexor digitorum profundus insertion

Distal phalanges of fingers II-V.

Supraspinatus action

Initiates abduction of arm

Supraspinatus origin

Supraspinous fossa of scapula.

Supraspinatus insertion

Greater tubercle of humerus.

Extensor carpi ulnaris action

Extends and adducts hand.

Extensor carpi ulnaris origin

Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna.

Extensor carpi ulnaris insertion

Base of metacarpal V.

Deltoid action

Acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction

Deltoid origin

Lateral 1/3 or clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula.

Deltoid insertion

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

Psoas major action

Flex trunk at hip joint, flex thigh; lateral flexion of vertebral column (psoas).

Psoas major origin

Transverse processes, bodies, and discs of T12 and lumbar vertebrae.

Psoas major insertion

On and just below lesser trochanter of femur.

Piriformis action

Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint, abducts thigh.

Piriformis origin

Internal surface of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament.

Piriformis insertion

Upper border of greater trochanter.

Gluteus maximus action

Powerful thigh extensor

Gluteus maximus origin

Dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx.

Gluteus maximus insertion

Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract.

Gluteus medius action

Abducts and medially rotates thigh.

Gluteus medius origin

Upper lateral surface of ilium.

Gluteus medius insertion

Greater trochanter of femur.