seedless plants

What characteristics did plants develop in order to live on land?

-Rhizoids and roots

-Vascular tissue

-Gametangium

-Cuticle

-Alteration of generations

What is the purpose of rhizoids and roots?

anchors plants and allows them to absorb water and minerals

What is the purpose of vascular tissue?

transports water and nutrients throughout plant

What is the purpose of gamentangium?

prevents embryo from drying out

What is the purpose of the cuticle

prevents the adult plant from drying out

What is alternation of generations?

the plant reproductive cycle which alternates between a haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte

What is the dominant generation in nonvascular plants?

haploid generation

what is the dominant generation in vascular plants?

diploid generation

What does the sporophyte generation produce and through what?

produces haploid cells through meiosis

where are spores produced?

in the sporangium

How are haploid gametes produced?

they are produced by spores

where are eggs produced?

the archegonia

where is sperm produced?

the antheridia

how is a dipolid zzygote formed

by the egg and sperm fusing

what does the diploid zygote grow into?

a multicellular sporophyte (and the cycle continues again)

What are nonvascular plants?

bryophytes

What are the 3 phylums in bryophytes?

1) Marchantiophyta (liverworts)

2) Bryophyta (mosses)

3) Antrocerotophyta (hormworts)

what is the dominant generation in bryophytes?

the gametophyte generation which is haploid

What do nonvascular plants lack?

true tissues, stems, roots, and leaves

what is included in Phylum Marchantiophyta?

Liverworts

how do they reproduce?

both asexually and sexually

how do liverworts produce asexually?

Gemmae cups or via fragmentation

is spanish moss a moss?

No!! it is an angiosperm

what are the 2 phylums in seedless vascular plants?

1) phylum monilophyta

2) phylum lycophyta

what plants are included in the phylum monilophyta?

ferns and horsetails

what plants are included in the phylum lycophyta?

club and spike mosses

what is the dominant generation in seedless vascular plants?

the sporophyte generation

seedless vascular plants use what instead of seeds?

spores

what is this?

fiddlehead

what are these?

sori

what is this?

rhizome

what openings do plants have in their leaves?

stomata

what are the functions of stomata?

-used to absorb co2 from the atmosphere for photosynthesis and carbon fixation

-loses water through transpiration

what are characteristics of horsetails

-sometimes called scoring rush

-leaves are greatly reduced or absent in some species

-stem is covered in silica

where does photosynthesis mostly occur in horsetails?

in the stems

what are club and spike mosses?

NOT TRUE MOSSES

club mosses are what?

homosporous

spike mosses are what?

heterosporous

heterosporous

producing both megaspores and microspores