unit 4

autotrophs

Plants and some other types of organisms are able to use Light energy from the sun to produce food

These organisms are known as

heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot use the sun’s energy directly obtain energy from foods they consume.

These organisms are known as

decomposers

Some heterotrophs get energy from breaking down dead materials.

These heterotrophs are known as

Photosynthesis

uses the energy from sunlight to convert

         Water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy

          Sugars.

pigments

Sunlight is captured by plants by using __----__, or light

           Absorbing molecules

chlorophyll

The primary pigment in plants is __------__, which is a green pigment

chloroplast

They are contained in the __----,__ which is the organelle where photosynthesis occurs.

photons

Pigments absorb , which are fixed quantities of light energy.

chloroplast

Photosynthesis takes place inside the t

thylakoids

Inside the chloroplast are photosynthetic membranes called

__stroma__

1)   The Light Dependent Reactions take place in the thylakoids while the Light Independent Reactions, or the Calvin Cycle, take place in the __----__, the region outside the thylakoids.

The Calvin Cycle

uses ATP and NADPH from light

          Dependent reactions to produce high energy sugars using

           Carbon dioxide.

Krebs cycle

If oxygen is present after glycolysis, -----follows

aerobic

process that requires oxygen

Krebs cycle

pyruvic acid (sugar from breakdown of glucose) is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions

Electron Transport Chain

uses the high energy electrons from the

                Krebs cycle and glycolysis to convert ADP into ATP

Cellular Respiration

process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen

ATP

adenine triphosphate – energy source produced during        cellular respiration: Will go from ADP (little energy) to ATP (full energy) by adding a phosphate

Glycolysis

process by which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.

Fermentation

releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen

anaerobic

Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be

Plants

and some other types of organisms are able to use

       Light energy from the sun to produce food

Organisms

that cannot use the sun’s energy directly obtain energy from foods they consume

energy

Shorter the wavelength, the greater the

ATP and NADPH

When light is absorbed, that energy gets transferred into high energy electrons, which go to produce

Photosynthesis

takes place inside the chloroplast

Light Dependent Reactions

In the -----, pigments absorb sunlight (energy source) in order to make the energy carriers NADPH and ATP

ATP and NADPH

carry the energy from light from the light

         Dependent reactions, but can hold it for only a few minutes