DE Psych "Biological Basis of Behavior" Test

Label the Neuron: Dendrite

C

Label the Neuron: Axon Terminals (Buttons)

E

Label the Neuron: Synapse

AB

Label the Neuron: Axon

D

Label the Neuron: Myelin Sheath

A

Label the Neuron: Nucleus

AC

Label the Neuron: Cell body/Soma

B

Which part of the neuron receives messages from other cells?

Dendrites (C)

Which part of the neuron sends a message?

Axon Terminals (E)

Which part of the neuron is a fatty insulation that speeds up message transmission?

Myelin Sheath (A)

Which part of the neuron consists of the nucleus?

Soma/Cell body (B)

The center part of the soma/cell body which contains most of the DNA of a cell?

Nucleus (AC)

The gap where neurotransmitters communicate with those of other cells?

Synapse (AB)

The tube-like structure that carries the neural message from the cell body to the buttons that communicate with other cells.

Axon (D)

Emma is telling her younger sister stories from their childhood, which part of the brain is Emma using to recall the information?

Hippocampus

The brain’s ability to adapt to new functions after it has been damaged is an example of?

neuroplasticity

The cells that support neurons by providing nutrients and carrying waste. The _____ that holds the cells together.

Glia

A/An ________________________ is a very brief shift in a neuron’s electrical charge that travels along an axon.

action potential

Monoamines, Gaba, Endorphins and Acetylcholine are all types of 

_____________________ that send signals between neurons.

neurotransmitters

System consists of glands that secrete chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodily functioning.

endocrine

The engine that fuels the process of evolution.  Why organisms tend to have characteristics that serve them in their environment.

Natural selection

The largest and most complex region of the brain, encompassing a variety of structures, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebrum.

forebrain

Threshold for a neuron to fire

-55

The resting potential charge when a cell is inactive

-70

The minimum length(resting period) of time before a neuron can start another action potential

Refractory period

The elimination of old or less active synapses

Synaptic pruning

The executive control center of the brain. Phineas Gage had his detached from his limbic system

prefrontal cortex

The generation of new neurons

Neurogenesis

A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA.

mutation

________ is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression.

Epigenetics

A(n) ________ facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system.

agonist

Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ________.

myelin sheath

An action potential involves Na+(sodium) moving ________ the cell and K+ (potassium) moving ________ the cell.

inside; outside

Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system.

somatic

Sympathetic activation is associated with ________.

both A and C (pupil dilation and increased heart rate)

The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.

thalamus

Damage to the ________ disrupts one’s ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one’s ability to produce words intact.

Wernicke’s Area

Of the following, the effect of adrenaline on the body is most similar to the effect of the

sympathetic nervous system

Mr. Jenkins suffered a stroke as a result of a brain injury. Although he can still move the fingers on his right hand, he has lost sensation in these parts. Of the following, the site of damage to his brain is most likely in the

Left parietal lobe

Of the following, which are located exclusively in the central nervous system?

Interneurons

Gunshot wounds, tumors, and strokes all result in

Lesions

Which stimulates muscles to contract?

Motor neurons

The part of the brain most closely associated with maintaining balance(roadside sobriety test) and the coordination of complex sequence of movements is the

cerebellum

Loss of the ability of the brain to produce adequate levels of dopamine often leads to

Parkinson disease

The pons is located between the medulla and other brain areas.  It is responsible for which of the following

sleep and arousal

When humans suffer damage to this part of the brain, there can be a lapse into a permanent state of unconsciousness

Reticular formation

An EEG records

electrical impulses from the brain

Which part of the brain is affected during a split brain operation?

Corpus callosum

The limbic system is responding for (think Phineas Gage)

The control of hunger, thirst, anger and s_x

As a result of her car accident, Mimi suffered damage to her Broca’s area of the brain. What symptoms will she suffer as a result?

Inability to speak in fluent sentences

If damage occurs to the occipital lobe, the person may have trouble

Seeing

A split brain patient is asked to stare at a black dot between the HE and ART as the word HEART is displayed on a screen. When asked what she sees, what will the patient do?

They can easily name objects in their right visual field

Knowing what you are touching or how hot to make water for your shower involves which of these areas of the brain?

somatosensory/parietal lobe