Micro Ch 16 Questions

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

activation of complement.

phagocytosis.

production of interferon.

production of antibody.

inflammation.

production of antibody

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT

peptidoglycan.

PAMPs.

LPS.

AMPs.

flagellin.

AMPs

What is innate immunity?

It is nonspecific and present at birth.

Which of the following statements about innate immunity is true?

Innate immunity is present at birth.

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

saliva.

tears.

multiple layers of cells.

the "ciliary escalator."

HCl.

HCL

The main function of the "ciliary escalator" is to:

Trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

mucociliary escalator – intestines

Unbroken skin poses a substantial barrier to microbes. All of the following contribute to this barrier except _____________.

atty acids within sebum

the tightly packed layer of dead, keratinized cells

dryness of the skin

complement proteins found in perspiration

complement proteins found in perspiration

Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.

true

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

they change the pH of the environment.

they produce antibacterial chemicals.

they compete with pathogens for nutrients.

they produce lysozyme.

they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria.

they produce lysozyme.

Normal microbiota provide resistance to disease in all of the following ways except __________________.

View Available Hint(s)for Part A

promoting the development and maturation of the immune system

microbial antagonism

serving as prebiotics

competitive exclusion

serving as prebiotics

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

macrophages

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following except:

The total number of white blood cells

The number of red blood cells

Leukopenia

Leukocytosis

The numbers of each type of white blood cell

The number of red blood cells

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is not true?

They are found in certain tissues and organs.

They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system.

They are mature monocytes.

They gather at sites of infection.

They develop from neutrophils.

They develop from neutrophils.

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

eosinophils

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

monocytes

If one is examining a blood smear from a patient with a parasitic worm infection, which of the following leukocytes would be found in increased numbers?

eosinophils

The maturation of stem cells to become red blood cells occurs in the red bone marrow.

true

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?

increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms

Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize their interaction with pathogens except:

Complement system

Opsonization

Chemotaxis

Lysozyme

Trapping a bacterium against a rough surface

lysozyme

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

produce toxic oxygen products.

Lysozyme and penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial ________.

cell wall

Death results if body temperature rises above

44-46 degrees C

Which of the following statements concerning phagocytosis is true?

Bacteria are digested when the phagosome fuses with a lysosome.

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

false

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

kinins.

leukotrienes.

prostaglandins.

histamine.

lysozymes.

lysozymes

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin, and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Margination refers to which of the following?

Adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels

The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid

goes into lymph capillaries.

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

vasodilation.

swelling.

fever.

redness.

pain.

fever

All of the following are effects of kinins EXCEPT

chemotaxis of phagocytic granulocytes.

vasodilation.

increased blood vessel permeability.

production of antibodies.

drawing in neutrophils to infected or injure area.

production of antibodies.

Which of the following is mismatched?

pus – tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid

abscess – a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus

diapedesis – movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue

chemotaxis – chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome

scab – dried blood clot over injured tissue

chemotaxis – chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome

What is the first step that occurs during inflammation?

Vasodilation

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

diapedesis.

antibody synthesis.

chemotaxis.

dilation of blood vessels.

release of histamines and prostaglandins.

antibody synthesis.

Leukotrienes are inflammatory vasoactive mediators produced by

mast cells and basophils.

Chronic inflammation can result in a(n) ________, which can cause impairment of normal tissue function.

scar tissue/fibrosis

The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

false

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and permeability of the capillary veins.

true

All of the following pertain to fever except that it:

Intensifies the effect of antiviral interferons

Is caused by interleukin-1 and TNF-alpha

Stimulates T lymphocyte activity

Accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract

Can be initiated by specific types of pathogens

Accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract

A body chill is a sign of which of the following?

Body temperature is rising

The activation of the complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the activation of ________.

C3

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Beta interferon attacks invading viruses.

Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses.

Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis.

Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages.

All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body.

Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages.

Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT

opsonization.

increased blood vessel permeability.

bacterial cell lysis.

increased phagocytic activity.

interference with viral replication.

interference with viral replication.

Which of the following statements is correct?

There are at least 30 complement proteins.

All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum.

Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis.

Complement increases after immunization.

Complement activity is antigenic specificity.

There are at least 30 complement proteins.

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3.

Activation of C3a results in

acute inflammation.

Activation of C5-C9 results in

lysis of microbial cells.

The lectin pathway of the complement system is initiated by:

Mannose on the surface of pathogens

Which of the following can defend the body by either opsonizing bacteria, lysing bacteria, and/or promoting inflammation?

Activation of the complement system

Which of the following statements about beta interferons is true?

It acts as a signal that induces uninfected cells to produce antiviral proteins.