109 Maritime Space (copy)

Navy Space Command

To conduct operations in, from, and through space to deter conflict, and if necessary, defeat aggression, deliver space combat power for the Joint/Combined force, and defend U.S. vital interests with allies and partners.

Space Domain Awareness (SDA)

The timely, relevant, and actionable understanding of the operational environment allows military forces to plan, integrate, execute, and assess space operations.

Offensive and Defensive Space Operations

Use a broad range of measures to provide continued, sustainable use of space; deter adversaries; attribute attacks; and support the inherent right to self-defense.

Positioning, Navigation, and Timing

Provide precise and accurate location, navigation, and time reference services.

Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance

Collection of diverse intelligence data across political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure systems, providing decision makers with timely, accurate data for information that can create a decisive advantage across the competition continuum.

Satellite Communications (SATCOM)

Provides national and strategic leadership with a means to maintain situational awareness and convey their intent to the operational commanders conducting joint operations.

Environmental Monitoring

Supports the joint force's understanding of the natural environment and is a key contributor to SDA.

Missile Warning

Employs an architecture of ground-based and space-based sensors to protect joint forces and allies by providing early warning.

Nuclear Detonation Detection (NUDET)

Nuclear detonation detection, primarily supported by enabling capabilities, consists of persistent, integrated sensors to provide global surveillance coverage.

Spacecraft Operations

Enabling capabilities, include TT&C, movement and maneuver, monitoring state-of-health, and sustainment sub-functions.

Spacelift

Delivers payloads (spacecraft or other materials) into space and, in some cases, enables the safe reentry and recovery of launch vehicles.

Low Earth Orbit (LEO)

Up to 1,080 nautical miles above Earth's surface and orbits about 90-100 minutes.

Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)

Approximately 1,080 to 19,320 nautical miles above mean sea level and a period of about 12 hours.

Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO)

Approximately 21,600 nautical miles above mean sea level.

Geosynchronous Orbit

Remains at a relatively fixed altitude of approximately 19,320 nautical miles above mean sea level with an orbital period of 24 hours.

Orbital Segment

Consists of spacecraft beyond Earth's atmosphere.

Link Segment

Consists of signals connecting other segments using EMS.

Terrestrial Segment

Consists of personnel, facilities, and equipment that exist in the other physical domains that affect or are affected using orbital or link segments.

Benefits of Access to Space

Provide nearly worldwide coverage and access to other inaccessible areas.

Threats to Space Operations

Directed energy, cyberspace attacks, nuclear detonation, electromagnetic pulse, physical attacks.

Hazards of Space Operations

Debris, electromagnetic interference, terrestrial hazards, space hazards.

Offensive Space Operations

Suppression of enemy space capabilities, consist of effects created by direct capabilities in the orbital, link, or terrestrial segments to disrupt, degrade, deny, or destroy adversary space systems or services.

Defensive Space Operations

The ability to protect against attacks and natural hazards.

FLTCYBERCOM/USTENTHFLT

Responsible for Navy information network operations, offensive and defensive cyberspace operations, space operations and signals intelligence.

NNWC

Groundwork for integrating space and cyber operation.

NSOC

Ensures Navy warfighters have reliable access to space-based capabilities like SATCOM, GPS, and ISR.

NIOC Colorado

Provides space, cyber, signals intelligence (SIGINT), and electronic warfare support.

USNO

Maintains the Department of Defense's Master Clock and supports space-based navigation systems.

NIWDC

Ensures space capabilities are embedded in IW training and doctrine, supporting fleet readiness in space-enabled operations.

NAVIFOR

Provides trained personnel and capabilities for space operations, ensuring readiness across space, cyber, and electromagnetic spectrum domains.

Battlespace Awareness

Space-based assets like satellites provide persistent surveillance of the maritime battlespace.

Assured Command and Control

Space assets are essential for ensuring reliable communication and navigation.

Integrated Fires

Space capabilities play a vital role in enabling targeting and fire control capabilities.

Orbital Period

The time it takes for a satellite to complete one full orbit around the Earth.

Inclination

The angle between the orbital plane and the Earth's equator, measured in degrees.

Altitude

The height of the satellite above Earth's surface.

Perigee

The closest point in the satellite's orbit to the Earth.

Apogee

The farthest point in the satellite's orbit from the Earth.

Eccentricity

A measure of how circular or elliptical an orbit is.