Diversity Informed Counselling Practice: LGBTQ2S+ and Gender Issues

These vocabulary flashcards cover key concepts, statistics, medical procedures, and historical contexts related to LGBTQ2S+ individuals, gender identity, transitioning, and men's mental health as presented in the lecture notes.

Sex

A set of biological attributes primarily associated with physical and physiological features including chromosomes, gene expression, hormone levels and function, and reproductive/sexual anatomy.

Gender

The socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men and gender diverse people, influencing how people perceive themselves and the distribution of power in society.

Intersex

A socially constructed category used to describe a person whose external genitalia looks ambiguous or “opposite” to the expected appearance based on chromosomal karyotype; estimated to occur in $1$ to $2$ in $100$ people born in the US.

Turner’s Syndrome

A variation in sex chromosomes where the individual has a chromosomal complement of $X$.

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

A variation in sex chromosomes where the individual has a chromosomal complement of $XXY$.

Gender Identity

How individuals see themselves as masculine, feminine, or something in between, affecting their feelings and behaviours.

Gender Roles

A collection of values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours shaped by societal norms and thought of as masculine or feminine.

Theory of Gender Neutrality

The claim that biological sex does not inevitably determine gender identity and that social, psychological, and intellectual characteristics (nurture) play a more influential role than nature.

David Reimer

A male-born individual reassigned as female (Brenda) following a botched circumcision at age $7$ months; the case was famously managed by psychologist John Money to prove gender malleability.

$$75,000$$

The number of people (representing $0.24\%$ of the population) in the $2018$ Statistics Canada survey who reported their assigned sex at birth was different from their current gender.

Transgender

Refers to a wide range of individuals and behaviours that differ from traditional male and female gender roles typically associated with the sex assigned at birth.

Genderqueer

A term used by some who identify their gender as falling outside the binary constructs of “male” and “female,” often defining their gender on a continuum and sometimes preferring the pronoun “zie.”

Transitioning

The process of changing the way you look and how people see and treat you so that you become the gender you feel on the inside.

Dead name

A term for the name assigned at birth that a transgender person no longer uses; many individuals are faced with its use in health care when they cannot afford the $137.00$ name change fee in Ontario.

Phalloplasty

A medical transition surgery for trans men involving the construction of a penis using skin from other parts of the body.

Metoidioplasty

A surgery for trans men that causes the clitoris to work more like a penis, typically used with hormone treatment to cause growth.

Penile inversion vaginoplasty

A medical transition surgery for trans women used to create a vagina by inverting penile skin.

Tracheal shave

A procedure for trans women aimed at making the Adam’s apple smaller.

Gender Affirming Health Care

An approach that affirms a trans person’s gender identity rather than trying to change it, endorsed by the Canadian Psychological Association and the Canadian Pediatric Society.

Puberty Blockers

Medications used for $40$ years to stop precocious puberty that delay the onset of secondary sex characteristics to give adolescents time to decide on their transition.

Mature minors

Children deemed capable of making their own medical decisions and providing informed consent, even when parents and families are encouraged to participate in care.

Telic congruence

The state of living consistently within one’s own valuative goals or personal and religious values.

$$3\%$$

The percentage of transgender people who thought about suicide post-medical transition, compared to $67\%$ pre-transition.

Sexual minority

Refers to cisgender and transgender persons who report their sexual orientation as homosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, two-spirit, asexual, or any orientation that is not heterosexual.

Pansexuality

A pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attraction to any or all sexes/genders.

Asexuality

Describes a lack of sexual orientation, attraction, or interest overall.

Conversion Therapy

Discredited and harmful practices that falsely claim to change a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity, often promoted by right-wing religious organizations.

Stonewall riots

A response to a police raid on the Stonewall Inn in $1969$ in New York City, commemorated by most Pride festivals in June.

$$1973$$

The year the American Psychiatric Association de-pathologized homosexuality by removing it from the $DSM$.

Pink Triangle

A symbol used during the Holocaust to identify LGTBQ+ individuals that was reclaimed in $1972$ as a symbol of liberation.

The Health Gap

A gap in men's issues characterized by an increased risk of suicide, substance use disorder, and $ADHD$, alongside lower rates of health service utilization.

Traditional masculinity ideology

A belief system including the norms that men should not be feminine ("no sissy stuff"), should be respected for achievement ("the big wheel"), should never show weakness ("the sturdy oak"), and should seek adventure/risk ("give ‘em hell").

Gender Role Conflict

Psychological state where adherence to traditional masculinity causes stress, associated with alcohol abuse, homophobia, and restrictive emotionality.

Gender Role Strain

Cognitive stress stemming from contradictory, inconsistent, and dysfunctional expectations associated with the male gender role, especially occurring during threats to masculine identity.

Restrictive emotionality

The masculine norm where emotional expressions other than anger or rage are seen as interfering with rationality and accurate perception.

Drapetomania

A nineteenth-century pseudo-disease described by Samuel Cartwright as “the disease causing Negroes to run away.”

Dysaesthesia ethiopica

A historical term used by Samuel Cartwright to describe the “hebetude of mind” in Black people who did not have a white person to direct them.

The Gate House

An organization that offers peer support and services to survivors of sexual abuse, specifically including services for men.