Coordination + Control

What is homeostasis?

A state of balance among all body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.

What is negative feedback?

A regulatory mechanism in which the body produces a response opposite to a change.

What are receptors?

Specialized cells and organs that detect change.

What is an effector?

A muscle, gland, or organ that responds to a message sent by the nervous or endocrine system.

What do glands do?

Tissues that secrete hormones.

What is a hormone?

A chemical secreted by a gland that triggers a response in certain cells.

What is a neuron?

A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system.

What is a synapse?

The gap between the axon and the dendrite of two neighboring neurons.

What is cellular respiration?

The process that all living things use to produce cellular energy from glucose and oxygen.

What does it mean to diffuse?

To move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What is gas exchange?

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment.

What is the pathway of a stimulus-response when touching a hot flame?

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Sensory Neuron -> Motor Neuron -> Effector -> Response.

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.

What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

The part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves running throughout the body.

What do sensory neurons do?

They lead away from the receptor, transmitting information to the CNS.

What are interneurons?

They transmit neural information within the spinal cord and brain, connecting sensory and motor neurons.

What do motor neurons do?

They transmit neural information from the CNS to the PNS to initiate a response.

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Responsible for coordinating voluntary movements like balance, coordination, and posture.

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, and Temporal Lobe.

What does the respiratory system do?

It conducts gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled.

What occurs in the alveoli?

Gas exchange occurs where oxygen diffuses into capillaries and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

What is the worded equation for cellular respiration?

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.