Design and Technology: Emerging Technologies, Materials, and Product Development

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering emerging technologies (3D/4D printing, wearable tech, robotics), design factors, sustainability principles, resource classification, market drivers, the product life cycle, and smart interactive textiles.

How is wearable technology defined, and what network concept does it extend?

Wearable technology consists of devices and sensors embedded in clothing that make users portable devices, extending the Internet of Things (IoT).

What is the predicted role of 3D printing in manufacturing, and what examples are mentioned?

In the future, items may be printed rather than handmade or manufactured by people; examples include buttons, prosthetics, and houses.

What is 4D printing, and why is time considered the fourth dimension?

It is an advanced form of 3D printing where objects are printed using smart materials that can change shape, properties, or function when exposed to an external stimulus; time is the fourth dimension because the product alters over time after manufacture.

What is software robotics according to the lecture notes?

Computers working 24/7 undertaking routine paperwork and administration tasks.

How is augmented reality described in the notes?

A technology that enhances how we see, smell, and experience the world around us through computer-generated graphics and sounds.

What is nanotechnology as described in the notes?

Miniaturised technology, such as radios and transmitters that are small enough to be embedded into almost anything to make it a connectable device.

In product design considerations, what is a stakeholder?

A person, a group of people, or an organisation buying products.

How is a primary user defined?

The person who will be using the product.

What does usability refer to in product evaluation?

Whether the product can be used by the consumer.

What does inclusivity mean when designing products?

Ensuring a product suits a range of consumers' needs and abilities.

What is ergonomics in product design?

The study of the relationship between people and the objects they use.

What is anthropometrics?

The measurements of the human body, such as waist or hand sizes.

How is aesthetics defined in relation to consumer products?

The look of an object, specifically whether its visual appeal will attract consumers to buy it.

What core question defines product affordability?

Will the product cost too much for the consumer?

What does the design factor 'cultural needs' address?

The consideration that some items are more widely accepted in certain societies than others.

What are non-finite (renewable) resources, and what examples are provided?

Raw materials or energy sources that are naturally replenished; examples include solar (sun), wind, ocean (hydro), wood, cotton, and wool.

What is a finite (non-renewable) resource, and what examples are listed?

A raw material or energy source that does not regenerate fast enough to make it renewable; examples include coal, petroleum, gas, aluminium, gold, and diamond.

What is the 'cradle to cradle' design philosophy?

Designing products with their entire sustainable life cycle in mind beyond the end-of-life phase, ensuring items are broken down and recycled into new goods or composted to nurture raw materials.

How do the notes define sustainability?

Not depleting resources needed for future generations while avoiding the exploitation of people and cultures in global communities.

What is market pull?

When product development originates from customer demand or market research to solve a need or compete with another manufacturer's product.

What is technology push?

When the research and development of a new technology drives the creation of a new product or project.

What is a supply chain?

A sequence of processes involved in making and selling products.

What characterizes the introduction stage of the product life cycle?

The product is tested and developed prior to launch; initial sales remain low until consumers start buying, and production costs are significantly higher than sales revenue.

What occurs during the growth stage of the product life cycle?

Sales increase, production becomes more profitable, initial development costs are recouped, and customer success builds brand loyalty and repeat sales.

What defines the maturity stage of the product life cycle?

The product achieves peak sales and reaches its most profitable state for the company, while competitors enter the market.

What are interactive (smart) textiles?

Fabrics or garments integrated with electronic devices that interact and wirelessly communicate with the wearer.

How are circuits integrated into interactive fabrics without disrupting texture or aesthetics?

Very fine conductive fibres and threads made of carbon, steel, and silver are woven into the fabric; they are flexible, carry electric current, and can often be washed without losing functionality.

What specific wearable electronics can be integrated into smart clothing?

Heart rate monitors, GPS trackers, LEDs, heated panels, and athletic performance monitors.

What function do solar panels serve, and what primary disadvantage is noted?

Solar panels convert sunlight into usable energy; a major drawback is that lacking sufficient sunlight prevents users from charging their devices.