Lab #3 (exercise 5-1)
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65 Terms
What is the main function of epithelial tissue?
Covers body surfaces, lines passageways and cavities, and forms glands.
What are the 4 basic tissue types?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
What is epithelial tissue mostly made of?
Tightly packed cells with very little visible extracellular matrix.
What is extracellular matrix (ECM)?
Material surrounding cells that consists of ground substance and protein fibers.
What are the two parts of the basement membrane?
Basal lamina and lamina reticularis.
What does avascular mean?
Without blood vessels.
Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?
Avascular.
How does epithelial tissue receive oxygen and nutrients?
By diffusion from blood vessels in deeper tissues.
Why is epithelial tissue limited in thickness?
It must be close enough to blood vessels to receive oxygen and nutrients by diffusion.
What are the three epithelial cell shapes?
Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.
What does squamous mean?
Flat and thin.
What does cuboidal mean?
About as tall as it is wide.
What does columnar mean?
Taller than it is wide.
What does simple mean when describing epithelium?
One layer of cells.
What does stratified mean?
Two or more layers of cells.
How do you identify simple epithelium?
It has only one layer of cells.
How do you identify stratified epithelium?
It has two or more layers of cells.
What is simple squamous epithelium?
A single layer of very thin, flat cells.
What is the main advantage of simple squamous epithelium?
Its thinness allows rapid diffusion.
What does the nucleus of a simple squamous cell look like?
Flattened and centrally located.
Where is simple squamous epithelium found in your Lab 3 slides?
Lung.
How do you identify simple squamous epithelium on a slide?
Look for one very thin layer of flat cells with flattened nuclei.
What is simple cuboidal epithelium?
A single layer of short, cube-shaped cells.
What does the nucleus of a simple cuboidal cell look like?
Round/spherical and centrally located.
Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found in your Lab 3 slides?
Kidney tubules.
How do you identify simple cuboidal epithelium?
Look for one layer of cells that are about as tall as they are wide, usually with round central nuclei.
What is simple columnar epithelium?
A single layer of tall, column-shaped cells.
What does the nucleus of a simple columnar cell look like?
Ovoid and usually near the base of the cell.
Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
Respiratory passages and digestive tract.
What structures may be found on simple columnar cells?
Cilia or microvilli.
What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
An epithelium that looks multilayered because nuclei are at different heights, but all cells attach to the same basal lamina.
Why does pseudostratified epithelium look stratified?
The nuclei are located at different heights.
Is pseudostratified epithelium actually stratified?
No, all cells attach to the same basal lamina.
What cell shape is pseudostratified epithelium always based on?
Columnar.
What structure is usually present on pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Cilia.
Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found in your Lab 3 slides?
Trachea.
How can you identify pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Look for nuclei at different heights, cilia, and cells that all connect to the basal lamina.
What is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Many layers of cells with flattened superficial cells containing keratin.
Where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found in your Lab 3 slides?
Skin.
What is the main function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Protection from mechanical and environmental stress.
What are the superficial cells of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium like?
Flattened, flaky, and dead.
What do keratinocytes produce?
Keratin.
How do you identify keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Look for many layers with flattened cells at the surface and a flaky/keratinized outer layer.
What is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Many layers of cells with no keratinized surface layer.
Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium found in your Lab 3 slides?
Esophagus.
Are the superficial cells of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium alive?
Yes.
What is transitional epithelium?
A stratified epithelium whose apical cell shape changes when stretched.
Why is transitional epithelium not classified by cell shape like other epithelia?
The shape of its apical cells changes when the tissue is stretched.
What do the apical cells of relaxed transitional epithelium look like?
Dome-shaped.
What happens to transitional epithelial cells when stretched?
The apical cells flatten.
Where is transitional epithelium found in your Lab 3 slides?
Urethra or urinary bladder.
What is another name for transitional epithelium?
Urinary epithelium.
How do you identify transitional epithelium on a slide?
Look for multiple layers with rounded/dome-shaped apical cells.
What is the basement membrane?
The combination of the basal lamina and lamina reticularis.
What is the basal lamina?
The layer of the basement membrane closest to the epithelial cells.
What is the lamina reticularis?
The reticular layer that combines with the basal lamina to form the basement membrane.
What is a major clue that a tissue is epithelial?
Cells are tightly packed with very little ECM.
Where are epithelial tissues often located on a slide?
Along the outer edge of the tissue.
What should you NOT see between epithelial cells?
Blood vessels.
What is the epithelial slide from the lung?
Simple squamous.
What is the epithelial slide from the kidney tubule?
Simple cuboidal.
What is the epithelial slide from the trachea?
Pseudostratified columnar.
What is the epithelial slide from skin?
Keratinized stratified squamous.
What is the epithelial slide from the esophagus?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous.
What is the epithelial slide from the bladder or urethra?
Transitional.