Temperature and heat/ Conduction of solids

What is temperature?

The temperature of an object is to do with how hot or cold it is. It is measured indegrees Celsius, °C, with a thermometer.

How do you create thermal energy?

Heating matter makes the particles vibrate faster or move faster. The hotter the substance, the more its molecules vibrate or move, so the more kinetic energy they have. Thermal energy comes from the total kinetic energy of all the particles. It is measured in degrees celsius

What do you measure thermal energy in?

Joules (J)

What do we call thermal energy when it flows

Heat energy

What is heat?

The total kinetic energy of the particles of an object. This is measured in joules.

A bowl of soup might have a temperature of 75°C. The sea at Portrush has a summer temperature of 17°C. Which one has more thermal energy and why?

The soup is hotter than the seawater because its temperature is higher. However, the sea has more thermal energy because it contains many more particles than the soup.

Name the three ways that can be transferred

conduction, convection, and radiation.

Heat energy always flows from…

a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature i.e. from hot to cold.

What is conduction?

Conduction is the flow of heat energy from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature without overall movement of the material itself.

What material makes good heat conductor?

Metals are good conductors of heat energy.

What material makes a bad heat conductor?

Non-metals and gases are usually poor conductors.

What do we call a bad hear conductor?

Insulator

Explain solid conduction?

The atoms of a solid are held together by chemical bonds. The atoms are fixed in place but are free to vibrate.

When part of a solid absorbs heat energy, the atoms vibrate faster and pass energy (heat) from atom to atom. This takes a long time because the atoms cannot move freely, leading to slower heat transfer compared to liquids or gases.