Histology Lab - Nervous Tissue

neurons are our _____ cell

largest

180

Messages transmit at speeds up of to ___ MPH

We have about __________ nerve cells in our brain by adulthood (over 600 miles worth) – yet we typically use around __% at any given time

100 billion; 4

As a fetus in the womb, neurons develop at the rate of ________ per minute.

250,000

sensing, transmitting and processing, and producing a response

the 3 main functions of the nervous system are

central nervous system

- brain, spinal cord

make up the:

- nerves extending toward or away from CNS and ganglia (aggregations of nerve cell bodies outside CNS).

make up the:

- nerves extending toward or away from CNS and ganglia (aggregations of nerve cell bodies outside CNS).

make up the:

◦Astrocytes

◦Oligodendrocytes

◦Schwann cell

◦Ependymal cell

Microglial cells

these are the 5 types of:

◦Astrocytes

◦Oligodendrocytes

◦Schwann cell

◦Ependymal cell

Microglial cells

these are the 5 types of:

astrocyte

Provides structural support, helps repair cells, participates in blood-brain barrier, provides nutrition. located in the CNS

what cell is this?

oligodendrocyte

Makes myelin, insulates axons, located in the CNS

what cell is this?

Makes myelin, insulates axons, located in the PNS

What cell is this?

Makes myelin, insulates axons, located in the PNS

What cell is this?

Lines cavities of CNS

what cell is this?

Lines cavities of CNS

what cell is this?

Eats up debris and dead cells in CNS

what cell is this?

Eats up debris and dead cells in CNS

what cell is this?

gray matter

neuron perikarya (cell bodies), glial cells, axons, dendrites, synapse

this makes up the:

white matter

axons + myelin sheaths and glial cells. No neuron perikarya, no synapses

this makes up the:

ventral horns of spinal cord

ventral roots, motor function (this is where motor neurons that control the activities of skeletal muscle are located)

dorsal horns of spinal cord

dorsal roots, sensory function (this is where sensory axons from the peripheral nervous system enter the spinal cord and synapse on interneurons)

Composed of many folds called folia.

b. These folds have cortical gray matter, medullary white matter.

what is this?

Composed of many folds called folia.

b. These folds have cortical gray matter, medullary white matter.

what is this?

a. Composed of folds called gyri.

b. cortical gray matter and medullary white matter.

c. Perikarya of neurons in cerebrum are mostly pyramidal, stellate, or spindal shaped.

what is this?

a. Composed of folds called gyri.

b. cortical gray matter and medullary white matter.

c. Perikarya of neurons in cerebrum are mostly pyramidal, stellate, or spindal shaped.

what is this?

nerves

Bundle of nerve fibers (axons) surrounded by glial cells (Schwann cells) and connective tissue. what is this?

ganglia

Collections of neuron cell bodies are _______

specialized nerve endings

Structures that perform special tasks, like responding to vibration are ________

neuroglial cells

Almost 50% of the intracranial tumors are due to proliferation

of __________

fatal

glioblastoma that are neoplastic cells

derived from astrocytes, are highly invasive and usually ________

Huntington's chorea is a _________ condition that

becomes evident in the third and fourth decade of life.

Huntington's chorea is a _________ condition that

becomes evident in the third and fourth decade of life.

huntington's chorea; GABA

___________ is thought to be caused by the loss of neurons of the

CNS that produce the neurotransmitter _______

Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease

prevents

The selective nature of the blood-brain barrier __________

certain therapeutic drugs and neurotransmitters

conveyed by the bloodstream from entering the CNS.

immune-mediated

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a form of ___________

condition

Guillain-Barre syndrome

__________ results in rapidly progressing weakness

with possible paralysis of the extremities and occasionally, even of the respiratory and facial muscles

Guillain-Barre syndrome

This demyelinating disease is often associated with

a recent respiratory or gastrointestinal infection:

Ischemic Injury

___________ is the reduction of blood supply to an organ,

such as the brain, results in hypoxia and subsequent cell

death.

red neurons

These necrotic neurons which have been cut off from oxygen are known as __________

Alzheimer's Disease

_____________ is one of the most common

forms of dementia that affects approximately 5 million people

in the United States and more than 30 million globally

Alzheimer's Disease

_________ begins, on the average, around the age of 65 but may affect individuals at a much younger

age.

7 to 10

Individuals diagnosed with AD

usually die within ________ years.

alzheimers disease

Although the cause of

___________ is not known, it has been suggested that the

intraneuron presence of neurofi brillary tangles, formed by

coalescence of modifi ed tau proteins, and the deposition of

beta-amyloid-like protein interfere with neuronal function.