Exam 2 Chapter 6 (501)

How does producing spoken words begin? How does it end?

• Begins: with communicative intentions

• Ends: with motor commands and orofacial musculature

Syllabary

A repository of ready made motor programs for high-frequency syllables.

How quickly can error identification and correction occur (in the auditory feedback system)?

Within a few hundred milliseconds during online speech production

Peripheral Mechanisms of Speech Production

• Vocal tract representations in the primary motor cortex project to brainstem nuclei via the corticobulbar pathway

  • Nuclei contain sets of CN innervating the head and neck

Cells in the primary motor cortex are sometimes called…

Upper motor neurons

Cells constituting cranial nerves are sometimes called…

Lower motor neurons

What kind of signals do the cranial nerves transmit?

• Outgoing motor signals to the organs compromising the vocal apparatus

• Incoming sensory signals from the same organs