Ckd lectures

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A rapid decrease in kidney function characterized by an abrupt decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to the accumulation of waste products and fluid.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

A gradual loss of kidney function over time, often due to underlying conditions such as diabetes, leading to long-term complications.

Prerenal causes of AKI

Conditions that reduce blood flow to the kidneys, leading to decreased perfusion and resulting kidney damage.

Intrarenal causes of AKI

Direct damage to the kidneys from factors like nephrotoxic medications or glomerulonephritis.

Postrenal causes of AKI

Obstructions in the urinary tract that prevent urine from leaving the kidneys, leading to kidney damage.

Oliguric phase of AKI

A stage where the patient produces significantly less urine due to kidney dysfunction.

Fluid overload in AKI

A condition where excess fluid builds up in the body due to the kidneys' inability to excrete urine, causing potential complications.

Electrolyte disturbances in AKI

Imbalances of essential minerals in the body, often caused by the kidneys' inability to filter blood effectively.

Erythropoietin

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production; levels can decrease in kidney disease, leading to anemia.

Signs of hyperkalemia

Elevated potassium levels in the blood, potentially leading to dangerous heart rhythm problems.

K cocktail

A combination of dextrose and regular insulin used to temporarily reduce high potassium levels in patients.

Acute on chronic kidney disease

A condition where a patient with pre-existing chronic kidney disease experiences an acute exacerbation of kidney injury.

Renal diet

A dietary plan focused on minimizing intake of certain nutrients to reduce strain on damaged kidneys, often involving low sodium, potassium, and protein.

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)

A method of dialysis that continuously filters blood over a 24-hour period, often used in critically ill patients.

Nephrotoxic medications

Drugs that can cause damage to the kidneys, leading to acute kidney injury, such as aminoglycosides and NSAIDs.

Recovery phase of AKI

The period when kidney function begins to improve following an acute injury, marked by increased urine output and stabilization of lab values.