rate of reactions
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10 Terms
what can the rate of reaction be measured by
volume of gas produced over time, change in mass of a reactant over time
what is an effective collision
particles that collide with energy greater than or equal to the activation energy.
what makes an effective collision
correct orientation of particles, enough energy
what affects rate of reaction
concentration, pressure, temperature, particle size, catalyst
how does concentration affect rate of reaction
as the concentration of reactants increases, the number of reacting particles per unit volume increases. the reacting particles collide more frequently, increasing the frequency of collisions and effective collisions
how does pressure affect rate of reaction
an increase in pressure of the system results in an increase of the number of reactant particles per unit volume. this increases the frequency of collisions and effective collisions
how does temperature affect the rate of reaction
as temperature increases, reactant particles have more average kinetic energy. increased fraction of reactant particles possess energy that is greater than or equal to activation energy. this increases frequency of collisions and effective collisions.
how does particle size affect rate of reaction
a decrease in particle size increases the total exposed surface area for more effective collisions, hence increasing frequency of collisions and effective collisions
how does a catalyst affect the rate of a reaction
provides an alternative pathway of lower activation energy for the reaction to occur. more reactant particles will have energy greater than or equal to the activation energy. this increases the frequency of collisions and effective collisions
characteristics of catalysts
they increase reaction rates but not the yield. they are not used up in the reaction. they take part in the reaction. they are selective. impurities can poison them. their physical appearance may change but they remain chemically the same. they provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy for the reactant