Ap Human Vocab chapter 6

Culture

All of a group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects are a part of _____

Cultural Trait

For example, Job Competitiveness in the USA. These types of elements, visible and invisible, are known as ____

Cultural Complex

A series of interrelated traits make up a ______

Culture Hearth

The area in which a unique culture or specific trait develops is a

Diffuse

Geographers study how cultures develop in hearths and ___ or spread to other places

Taboos

Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture

Traditional Culture

Cultures whose beliefs & practices are passed down from generation to generation & is resistant to change

Globalization

The increased integration of the world economy since the 1970s

Popular Culture

When cultural traits such as clothing, music, movies, and types of businesses spread quickly over a large area and are adopted by various groups of people, they are part of _______

Global Culture

These elements can quickly be adopted worldwide, making them part of ___________

Cultural Landscape

The visible imprint of human culture on the natural or physical environment.

Artifacts

Tangible objects created by a culture

Material Culture

Broad category of things created by a culture (physical)

Mentifacts

Beliefs, Values, Practices, and Aesthetics of a culture

Nonmaterial Culture

Broad category of the non physical aspect of a culture

Sociofacts

Ways cultures organize their society and relate to one another.

Placelessness

Many modern cultural landscapes exhibit a great deal of homogeneity.

Built Environment

The physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape

Traditional Architecture

The architecture that reflects a local cultures history, beliefs, values and community

Postmodern Architecture

Architecture developed after the 1960s, focuses heavily on concrete, glass, steel, and brick structures

Contemporary Architecture

An extension of Postmodern Architecture, uses multiple advances to create buildings that rotate, curve, and stretch the limits of size and height.

Ethnicity

Membership within a group of people who have common experiences and share similar characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, and history.

Ethnic Enclaves

Clusters of people of the same culture that are often surrounded by people of the dominant culture in the region

Cultural Regions

Determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity

Cultural Realms

Areas that encompasses multiple cultural regions

Sacred Place

Specific places and natural features that have religious significance

Diaspora

When one group of people is dispersed to various locations

Charter Group

The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space

Ethnic Island

Ethnic concentrations in rural areas

Sequent Occupance

A process in which Ethnic groups move in and out of neighborhoods and create new cultural imprints on the landscape

Neolocalism

Process of re-embracing the uniqueness and authenticity of a place

Cultural Patterns

Related sets of cultural traits and complexes that create similar behaviors across space

Culture Hearth

Where a religion or ethnicity begins

Ethnicity

Membership in a group of people who share characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, history, and common experiences

Nationality

People’s connections to a specific country

Centripetal Forces

Forces unifying a group of people or a region

Centrifugal Forces

Forces that divide a group of people or a region

Sharia

Legal framework of a country derived from Islamic edicts taken from the Quaran

Blue Laws

Laws that restrict certain activities on sunday’s

Fundamentalism

An attempt to follow a “literal” interpretation of a religious faith

Theocracies

Countries whose governments are run by religious leaders, through the use of religious laws.

Ethnocentrism

People that believe their own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures

Cultural Relativism

The concept that a person’s or group’s beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other group's culture

Cultural Appropriation

Action of adopting traits, icons, or other elements of another culture

Diffusion

The spread of information, ideas, behaviors, and other aspects of culture from their hearths to wider areas

Relocation Diffusion

Spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them.

Expansion Diffusion

Spread of cultural traits outward through exchange without migration

Contagious Diffusion

When a cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people

Hierarchical Diffusion

Spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influence

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

When a trait diffuses from a group of lower status to a group of higher status

Stimulus Diffusion

When an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait