ahhh its too big i can't take it 😫 (this is physics)

2nd semester things to remember!!

0th law of thermodynamics

If object A is in thermal equilibrium with object B, and B is n thermal equilibrium with object C, then A and C are also in thermal equlibrium

0th law of thermodynamics is like...

A thermometer

1st law of thermodynamics

A change in internal energy of a system is equal to the energy transferred to the system by heat minus work

1st law of thermodynamics is like...

An equation (ΔU = Q - W)

2nd law of thermodynamics

In a closed system, total entropy in the system cannot decrease over time

2nd law of thermodynamics is like…

Heat naturally goes hot → cold… perpetual motion machines are impossible

3rd law of thermodynamics

As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, entropy reached a constant minimum value

3rd law of thermodynamics is like…

Brrr (but >0)

Work equation

W = FΔx

Work units

Joules

Joules can also be…

1 J = 1 Nm = 1 ^kgm²/_s²

Kinetic energy equation

KE = ½ mv²

Gravitational potential energy equation

U_g = mgh

Units for kinetic and gravitational potential energy

Joules

Work-kinetic energy theorem equation

ΣW = ΔKE

Work-kinetic energy theorem is like…

Total work is equal to the change in kinetic energy

Momentum equation

p = mv

Momentum units

^kgm/_s

Impulse-momentum equation

J = FΔt = Δp = m(v_f - v_i)

Ns is equal to…

^kgm/_s

Perfectly elastic collision shortcut equation (its like a combination of momentum and kinetic energy)

v_1i - v_2i = v_1f - v_2f 

Kinematic equation with no displacement

v_f = v_i + at

Kinematic equation with no final velocity

Δx = v_it + ½ at²

Kinematic equation with no time

v_f² = v_i² + 2aΔx

Constant velocity equation

v = ^Δx/_t

Newton’s 1st law normal version

In an inertial reference frame, an object in motion or at rest remains that way unless it is acted upon by an unbalanced outside net force

Newton’s 2nd law normal version

Acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass

Inertia is…

A property of an object to resist changes to. its motion

Mass is…

A measurement of a property of matter called inertia

Weight is…

The force of gravity on an object

Newton’s 2nd law normal version equation

ΣF = ma (ITS NET FORCE DON’T FORGET THE SIGN)

Newton’s 3rd law normal version

For every action, there must be an equal and opposite reaction

Force of gravity equation

F_g = mg

Normal force equation

N = mg OR on an incline... N = mgcos(𝜃)

Kinetic friction force equation

f_k = 𝜇_kN

Static friction force equatio

f_{s, max} = 𝜇_sN

Hooke’s law or spring force equation

F_s = -kx

What is conduction?

Direct physical contact as vibrating atoms and molecules bump into others and transfer kinetic energy

What is thermal conductivity?

How easily an object conducts or loses heat

Thermal conductivity is like…

Metal and steel is high, wood and plastic is low, kinda like how much they cost

What is convection?

Transferring kinetic energy through the bulk movement of particles (typically in a fluid) so that heat rises and cold sinks

What is thermal radiation?

Kinetic energy is transferred via electromagnetic radiation (all matter above absolute zero emits thermal radiation)

What is thermal energy?

Vibrations of molecules or atoms, basically like heat and… ENERGY omg

What is temperature? (hint, its not thermal energy)

Measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules or atoms in an object

Law of conservation of energy

In a closed system, energy remains constant

Energy in words

The ability of an object or system to do work, like how much work an object or system can do

Kinetic energy in words

The energy of an object or system associated with motion

Potential energy in words

The energy stored by an object’s position in a system or field

Gravitational potential energy in words

The energy stored in the presence of a gravitational field

Elastic or spring energy in words

The energy stored by an object or system in deformation

Mechanical energy in words

A combination of kinetic and macroscopic potential energy