Chemistry Periodic Table

Person

Dmitri Mendeleev

Atomic number

number of protons and electrons

atomic mass

number of protons and neutrons

Isotopes

Atom that gains or loses neutrons

periodic law

when elements are arranged by atomic number

Groups

elements with similar properties in vertical columns

periods

horizontal rows

metals

• shiny

• conductors of heat and electricity

• solid at room temperature

• React with acids

non-metals

• dull

• insulators of heat and electricity

• brittle solids or gases at room temp

• does not react with acids

• not malleable

metalloids

characteristics of both metals and non metals

valence electrons

s & p block

Responsible for elements properties

energy

as an atom adds protons, there is more attraction to electrons

ion

atom that gains or loses electrons

atomic radius

half the distance between 2 of the same nuclei

oxidation numbers

overall charge an ion will have to fill its outermost shell

ionization energy

energy needed to remove an electron

octet rule

atoms will gain/lose/share electrons to fill its outermost shell with valence electrons

electronegativity

atoms ability to attract shared electrons ina chemical bond

valence electrons 2

• columns on the periodic table correspond to the number of valence electrons

• Elements in a group will have similar properties because they have similar configurations

ion

Elements in a group form ions of same charge

IONAZATION ENERGY

Higher the ionization energy the tighter atoms hold onto electrons

Ion trends

exact opposite form atomic radius

reactivity increase as you move down a group