Health Psych exam 2

breast cancer screening

mammogram

cervical cancer screening

pap smear

colposcopy

colorectal cancer screening

stool test

flexible sigmoidoscopy

colonoscopy

prostate cancer screening

digital rectal exam

antigen test

chlamydia screening

swab, urine

gonorrhea

swab, urine

HIV screening

blood

genital herpes, no symptoms

blood

genital herpes, symptoms

swab

syphilis

blood

HPV (genital warts)

visual diagnosis

dimensions of risk

perceived likelihood

perceived susceptibility

perceived severity

herd immunity

indirect protection from disease when a majority of population is immune (via vaccination or contraction)

primary prevention goal

prevent disease in healthy people

secondary prevention goal

identify disease in those in early stages

prevent spread

tertiary prevention goal

reduce severity in those in advanced stages

prevent spread

reasons people don’t vaccinate children

a. risk benefit ratio

b. individual risk

c. ambiguity aversion

d. omission bias

e. free riding

types of genetic testing

a. carrier

b. pre-symptomatic

c. susceptibility

Non-participation in cancer screenings: factors related to SES

• stressors + resources for change

• educational opportunities

• past illness experiences

Non-participation in cancer screenings: attitudes that then develop

• high perceived threat

• low self-efficacy

• low response efficacy

Non-participation in cancer screenings: non-participation

• inadequate information processing

• limited goal setting + behavioral translation

most common STI in the US

HPV

Disease characteristics related to adherence

severity

visibility

Appraisal delay

I don’t think I’m sick

Illness delay

I’m sick, but I don’t need treatment

Use delay

I’m sick, I need treatment, but I’m putting it off

behavioral control

involvement in guiding treatment

cognitive control

having relevant info, understanding treatment

decisional control

involved in reviewing and selecting treatment preferences

Common sense illness perceptions

1. identity

2. consequences

3. causes

4. timeline

5. cure/control

low SES

• less socio-emotional talk

• less shared decision-making

• less biomedical talk

• more doctor-centered

patient centered care impact on adherence

it builds therapeutic alliance which increases adherence

myplate guide

30% veg

30% grain

20% fruit

20% protein

some dairy

set point hypothesis

each person’s weight is genetically set in a range that the body works to maintain

obesogenic environment

food industry creates an environment prioritizing unhealthy food

food reward theory

food activates reward circuit → increased food intake

tripartite model of social influence

parents, peers, media

Alcohol and marijuana use in college vs. not in college

in college: less weed, more alc

not in college: more weed, less alc

genetic theory of problem drinking

some people are more likely to develop alcohol problems due to DNA

addiction, disease, dependence theory of problem drinking

physiological addiction and psychological dependence → lifelong abstinence

learning theory of problem drinking

conditioning and social learning explain dependence, craving, withdrawal

vaping risk factors

• addiction

• brain cell damage

• metal toxicity

• cognitive function risk

smokeless tobacco risk factors

• bacterial infection

• mouth cancer

• throat cancer

most commonly used nicotine products in adults vs adolescents

adults: cigs

adolescents: e-cigs

nicotine dependence issues

internalizing problems: women

externalizing problems: men

Social reward and inhibitory control in smokers

physical positive feedback may increase inhibitory control in smokers

biological smoking cessation approach

• nicotine replacement therapy

• non-nicotine replacement therapy

• e cigarettes

psychological smoking cessation approach

• CBT

• replacement behaviors

• acceptance and commitment therapy

best therapy for smoking cessation

acceptance and commitment therapy

drug use and overdose in metropolitan vs non metropolitan areas

metro: more use, less OD death

non-metro: less use, more OD death

how do opiods affect brain

they bind to pain receptors, blocking pain signals, triggering dopamine release

opiod types

• heroin

• fentanyl

• prescription pain relief

why don’t people seek treatment for substance abuse

• stigma

• access issues

• not ready to stop

• cost

• capability

• opportunity

• motivation

• self-efficacy

• outcome expectancies

• risk perception

• threat (severity + susceptibility)

• expectations (perceived benefits + barriers)

• attitude toward behavior

• subjective norms re behavior

• perceived behavioral control

1. pre-contemplate

2. contemplate

3. prepare

4. act

5. maintain

a. decisional balance

b. self-efficacy

Self determination theory

• competence

• relatedness

• autonomy

• socio - economic, culture, environment

• living/working conditions

• social and community network

• lifestyle

• age, gender, heredity

peripheral nervous system

somatic

autonomic (parasympathetic and sympathetic)

community as setting

experts target community based on geography

community as target

creating health in community via systemic changes

community as resource

experts identify and promote community strengths

community as agent

working with community