Chapter 7 procedures and conditions

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney.

Nephrolithiasis

Kidney stones (renal calculi).

Nephrotic Syndrome

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine, characterized by edema and hypoalbuminemia.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Condition marked by multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma.

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cancerous tumor of the kidney occurring in adulthood; also called hypernephroma.

Renal Failure

Decrease in excretion of wastes resulting from impaired filtration function.

Renal Hypertension

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.

Wilms Tumor

Malignancy of the kidney in a child; an eponym named after a physician.

CT Urography

X-ray images obtained using computed tomography showing cross-sectional views of the kidney.

Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder (KUB)

X-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder performed without contrast dye.

Renal Angiography

X-ray examination of the blood vessels of the kidney requiring contrast dye.

Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)

X-ray of the renal pelvis and ureters after dye is injected through a catheter into the ureters from the bladder.

Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)

X-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding.

Ultrasonography

Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves.

MRI Urography

Imaging using a changing magnetic field to produce 3-plane views of the kidney and surrounding structures.

Cystoscopy

Diagnostic procedure visualizing the urethra and bladder using an endoscope.

Dialysis

Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood in patients with impaired kidney function.

Hemodialysis (HD)

Dialysis technique using an artificial kidney machine to filter waste materials directly from the patient's blood.

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)

Ambulatory dialysis method using a fluid solution inserted into the abdominal cavity via catheter to absorb waste materials.

Lithotripsy

Procedure for crushing urinary tract stones, often using shockwaves (ESWL).

Renal Angioplasty

Dilation of narrowed areas in the renal arteries.

Renal Biopsy

Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination.

Renal Transplantation

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient.

Urinary Catheterization

Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder.