Bio 223 Lab 5: Articulations, Muscle Anatomy, and Muscle Functions

Vocabulary flashcards for Bio 223 Lab 5 covering articulations, microscopic muscle cell structures, muscle functions verbatim from the lab manual tables, and connective tissue elements.

Frontalis

Elevates eyebrows Wrinkles skin of forehead

Occipitalis

Pulls scalp posteriorly

Buccinator

Compresses the cheek

Orbicularis Oculi

Closes eye

Orbicularis Oris

Closes and protrudes the lip

Mentalis

Protrudes lower lip

Platysma

Depresses lower lip Tenses skin of neck

Zygomaticus Major

Pulls angle of mouth superiorly and laterally

Zygomaticus Minor

Elevates lateral portion of the lip

Temporalis

Retracts and elevates mandible

Masseter

Closes jaw Elevates mandible

Splenius Capits

Extends, rotates and laterally flexes neck

Sternocleidomastoid

Flexes neck

Scalene

Elevates rib cage

Erector Spinae

Extends vertebral column

External Intercostals

Elevates rib cage

Internal Intercostals

Depresses rib cage

Diaphragm

Expands thoracic cavity Compresses abdominopelvic cavity

Rectus Abdominus

Compresses abdominal cavity Flexes vertebral column

Internal Obliques

Flexes or bends spine Compresses abdomen

External Obliques

Flexes or bends spine Compresses abdomen Depresses ribs

Transversus Abdominus

Compresses abdominal cavity

Pectoralis Minor

Elevates ribs Protracts and depresses scapula

Levator Scapulae

Elevates, rotates and retracts scapula

Serratus Anterior

Protracts scapula Superior rotation of scapula

Trapezius

Rotates scapula posteriorly Retracts and depresses scapula

Subclavius

Protracts and depresses shoulder

Rhomboid Major

Adducts scapula Performs downward rotation

Rhomboid Minor

Adducts Scapula Performs downward rotation

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

An internal ligament of the knee joint.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

An internal ligament of the knee joint.

Medial Meniscus

A fibrocartilage structure located in the knee joint.

Lateral Meniscus

A fibrocartilage structure located in the knee joint.

Patellar Ligament

A ligament in the knee joint connecting the patella to the tibia.

Fibular (Lateral) Collateral Ligament

An extracapsular ligament on the lateral aspect of the knee joint.

Tibial (Medial) Collateral Ligament

An extracapsular ligament on the medial aspect of the knee joint.

Pubofemoral Ligament

An extrinsic ligament supporting the anterior/inferior aspect of the hip joint.

Iliofemoral Ligament

An extrinsic ligament supporting the anterior aspect of the hip joint.

Ischiofemoral Ligament

A ligament of the hip joint that is only visible from the posterior view on models.

Coracoacromial Ligament

A ligament of the shoulder joint connecting the coracoid process to the acromion.

Glenohumeral Ligament

A ligament reinforcing the articular capsule of the shoulder joint.

Coracoclavicular Ligament

A ligament connecting the coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle.

Acromioclavicular Ligament

A ligament connecting the acromion of the scapula to the clavicle.

Sarcomere

The functional contractile unit of a muscle cell, extending from one Z disc to the next.

Z disc

A boundary disc defining the ends of a single sarcomere.

M line

A centered line located in the middle of the H zone and A band of a sarcomere.

A band

The dark region of a sarcomere that covers the full length of the thick myofilaments.

I band

The light region of a sarcomere surrounding each Z disc that contains only thin myofilaments.

H zone

The lighter central region of the A band containing only thick filaments.

Sarcolemma

The plasma membrane surrounding a skeletal muscle fiber.

Sarcoplasm

The cytoplasm within a skeletal muscle fiber.

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A membrane system wrapping around myofibrils that stores calcium ions.

Terminal Cisternae

Enlarged sac-like regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum bordering a transverse (T) tubule.

Transverse (T) Tubules

Invaginations of the sarcolemma projecting into the muscle fiber between terminal cisternae.

Neuromuscular Junction

The contact site between a nerve ending and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle fiber.

Myofibril

A cylindrical bundle of organized contractile and structural myofilaments within a muscle cell.

Myofilaments

Protein filaments (actin and myosin) that make up myofibrils inside a muscle cell.

Actin Myofilaments

Thin contractile filaments within a sarcomere.

Myosin Myofilaments

Thick contractile filaments with projecting heads within a sarcomere.

Epicranial Aponeurosis

A sheet-like connective tissue layer connecting the frontalis and occipitalis muscles.

Aponeurosis of External Oblique

A broad, flat tendinous sheet associated with the external oblique muscle.

Lumbodorsal Fascia

A deep connective tissue membrane located in the lower back region.

Linea Alba

A tendinous median line running down the anterior abdominal wall.