HAP Ch 8B

Origin

attachment to immovable bone

Insertion

attachment to movable bone

Nonaxial movement

slipping movements only

uniaxial movement

movement in one plane

biaxial movement

movement in two planes

multiaxial movement

movement in or around all three planes of space and axes

Gliding movements

one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface

Angular movements

increase or decrease angle between two bones, movement along sagittal plane (flexion, extension, abduction, etc...)

Flexion

decreasing the angle of a joint

Extension

increases the angle of a joint

Hyperextension

movement beyond the anatomical position

Abduction

movement along frontal plane, away from the midline

Adduction

movement along frontal plane, toward the midline

Circumduction

Involves flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction of limb

Limb describes cone in space

Rotation

turning of bone around its own long axis, toward midline or away from it

Supination

movement that turns the palm up

Pronation

movement that turns the palm down

Dorsiflexion

bending foot toward shin

Plantar flexion

pointing toes

Inversion

sole of foot turns medially

Eversion

sole of foot turns laterally

Protraction

mandible juts out

Retraction

mandible is pulled toward neck

Elevation

lifting body part superiorly

Depression

lowering a body part

Opposition

touching the thumb to any other finger