English language

What are nouns?

Words that name people, places, things, or concepts (e.g., student, city, book).

What is the function of pronouns?

Words that replace nouns to prevent repetition (e.g., I, you, he, she, it, we, they).

What do verbs describe?

Actions, states, or occurrences (e.g., speak, study, learn, be).

What is the role of adjectives in a sentence?

They modify or describe nouns (e.g., clear, fluent, diligent).

How do adverbs function in a sentence?

They modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, well, very).

What do prepositions indicate?

Spatial, temporal, or logical relations (e.g., in, on, at, by, with).

What is the purpose of conjunctions?

They connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, because, although).

What is the standard sentence structure in English?

Subject + Verb + Object (SVO).

How is a question formed in English?

Invert auxiliary verbs or add auxiliary 'do/does/did'.

How do you make a negative sentence in English?

Add 'not' after auxiliary verbs.

What does the Present Simple tense express?

Routines, habits, and general facts.

What is the rule for forming the Present Simple tense?

Base form of the verb; add '-s' or '-es' for third-person singular.

What does the Past Simple tense describe?

Completed actions in the past.

What is the rule for forming the Past Simple tense?

Base form + '-ed' for regular verbs; distinct forms for irregular verbs.

What does the Future Simple tense express?

Future actions or promises.

What is the rule for forming the Future Simple tense?

'Will' + base verb.

What does the Present Continuous tense indicate?

Actions currently occurring at the moment of speech.

What is the rule for forming the Present Continuous tense?

'Am/is/are' + verb ending in '-ing'.

What is a strategy for vocabulary expansion?

Learn high-frequency words in context and maintain a personal vocabulary log.

What is the benefit of daily immersion in language learning?

Reading short articles, listening to podcasts, and engaging with spoken English media.

What is active output in language learning?

Practicing writing short daily summaries and speaking aloud to reinforce sentence patterns.