exam 2 review

which of the following is a potential cause of outliers?

all of the above

how are outliers identified numerically?

calculating the z-score

which of the following is NOT an assumption for paramentric statistical tests?

significance

what significance value are we looking for when testing normality and homogeneity of variance?

p > .05

what is the FIRST step in deciding which statistical test to conduct?

look at your variables

in hypothesis testing, the null hypothetsis always states ______?

there is no effect/relationship between the variables

a type-I error is a false ______, whilea type-II error is a false _______

positive; negative

if you want to compare the distribution of a nominal variable against known

population values, you need to use which analysis?

univariate chi-square

the shape of a chi-square distribution is:

positively skewed

what is the main purpose of an operational definition in psychological research?

It provides a clear way to measure or observe a variable in a study

what is the primary purpose of a contingency table in a chi-square test of independence?

To display the relationship between two categorical variables using frequencies

a correlation in which an increase in Variable A is perfectly associated with a

decrease in Variable B would have a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of:

r = -1.00

What is the SPSS function for excluding a participant(s) from data analysis?

select cases

what is the purpose of our selected alpha (α) level in hypothesis testing?

It is the probability of error we are willing to accept

how do you calculate statistical power?

1 – β

what can never be implied from correlational analyses?

causation

when would using cramer’s v as a measure of effect size be appropriate?

When the variables are not dichotomous

how many predictor variables are used in a linear regression?

1

in addition to linear association, what is the goal of regression analysis?

prediction

the simple linear regression equation isL y = bX + a. what does “a” represent?

the y-intercept

how do we visually check the assumption of homoscedasticity for regression?

scatterplot

is the independent variable used in all t-tests continuous or categorical?

categorical

a researcher wants to evaluate the differences between two separate group means. which statistical test would be appropriate?

independent samples t-test