bio quiz #2- fungi, animalia, protists

fungi classifiication?

under domain eukarya, uni or multicellular, heterotrophs

Why are fungi more closely related to animals than plants?

fungi are heterotrophs and can’t make their won food, don’t contain chloroplasts to go through photosynthesis,

what are the good fungi?

major decomposers- break down dead and decaying matter to return it to soil as nutrients, provies foods and beverages for humans

what are symbiotic relationships? identify the 3

Close relationships between 2 species. Mutualism- bot organisms benefit, commenalism- one animal benfits, the other is unaffected, parasitism- one aniaml benfits the other is harmed.

bad fungi?

can cause diseases, can physically harm plants (rotting wood), can produce and release toxins that can cause hallucinations and paralysis. Human diseases- ringworm, athletes foot, yeast infection

2 main functions of fungi?

absorb nutrients and reproduce

what form is majority of the fungus?

mycellium form

what is the function of the fruiting body?

to reproduce

hyphae structure?

long, thread-like filaments that make up the structure, long tubes of cytoplasm with many nuclei, secrete digestive enzymes into the surrounding, absorb nutrients through cell membrane.

what is cell wall made of? what is it?

Chtiin- tough protective material

what is basidia?

basidia produces spores, an covers the gill. It is a reproductive organ.

what are spores?

spores are a unicellular reproductive unit that can grow into a new organism asexually

explain mushroom reproduction

Spores are produced in basidia and released from the gills. Spores grow into hyphae. Hyphae then meet and combine to form mycelium. Under the right conditions, mycelium grows into a baby mushroom and then a big mushroom.

key characteristics of animals?

multicelluar eukaryotes, heterotrophs, are diploid ( chromosomes exist in pairs), are motile (move from one place to another).

where did animals come from?

Scientists believe that the common ancestors of animals were the flagellated protists. Over time, we evolved into multicellular organisms with specialized tissue.

name the 4 things that divide animals.

development of nerve cells, absence/presence of symmetry, number of germ layers, if an animal has a body cavity

what is the development of nerve cells in animals?

used to coordinate movement and sense changes in the environment, modern sponges (porifera phylum) is the only one without this feature.

what are the two types of symmetry in animals?

A radial body can be split into similar sections in many directions from the centre. Bilateral: the body can be split into two identical sides.

what is cephalization?

an animal with bilateral symmetry where the sensory organs are located in the front.

what are two ways bilateral symmetry can be divided?

Protostomes- animals with bilateral symmetry during embryonic development; the mouth forms before the anus. Deuterostomes- animals with bilateral symmetry during embryonic development; the anus forms before the mouth.

what is the number of germ layers in animals?

layers of cell in a developing embryo that grow into specialized tissue.

what are the 3 germ layers?

endoderm- develops into outer covering for animals and the nervous system, mesoderm- develops into organs, ectoderm- forms the lining of inner organs

what is body cavity?

allows internal organs to grow and move independently from the outer body wall. The coelom develops from mesoderm.

what is human’s phylum?

chordata. contains all animals with vertebrates. Vertebrates have a backbone.

Features of vertebrates?

Have a dorsal nerve cord- develops into the brain and spinal cord. Notochord- develops into the vertebral column. The backbone forms to protect the dorsal nerve cord. Have paured jointed appendages for quicker movements. Have an inner bony skeleton ( for larger body sizes), have highly developed brain and sensory systems.

what is the characterisitc that all protisst share?

they’re not animals, fungi, or plants.

what are the 3 distinct groups of protists?

Animal like (Protoza), Plant Like, Fungi Like (Mycota)

Animal like protists?

many are parasitic, heterotrophs, holozoic- ingest food through endocytosis, saprozoic- release digestive enzymes into envrionment and absorb digested food, reproduce via binary fission.

Plant like protists?

contain chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis, reproduce through binary fission and conjugation.

Fungi like protists?

heterotrophs, many are decomposers, reproduce asexually through spores.

Examples of animal like protists?

Amoeba, paramecium, plasmodium.

Examples of plant-like protists?

Algae, euglena, phytoplankton

Fungi like examples?

Slime mould, downy mildew

How do amoeba, paramecium, and euglena move?

Amoeba- pseudopod (fake foot), paramecium- cilia, Euglena- flagellum.

good protists?

Algae- helps keep healthy aquatic ecosystem, used as fertilizer and medicine, 2/3 of the world’s oxygen, food for humans, decomposer protists recycle nutrients.

Bad protists?

can cause severe diseases; malaria, sleeping sickness.

Protists and climate change?

As the temperature of lakes and oceans rises, water becomes more acidic, and this kills good protists like algae, which harms the entire ecosystem, as algae are primary producers.

Malaria and plasmodium?

Malaria is spread through mosquito bites. In the past, mosquitoes were restricted to tropical places, but because of climate change, malaria is found in new areas.