A1.1.2 - Hydrogen bonds as a consequence of the polar covalent bonds within water molecules

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Last updated 11:03 PM on 10/17/26
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5 Terms

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Electronegativity

  • An atom's ability to attract electrons in a bond.


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Covalent Bonds

  • Form when atoms share electrons

  • In a water molecule sharing is unequal because of oxygen being more electronegative than hydrogen.


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Structure of a Water Molecule

  • Polar molecule with two H atoms that have a partial + charge

  • One O atom that has a partial - charge


<ul><li><p>Polar molecule with two <strong>H atoms that have a partial + charge</strong></p></li><li><p>One <strong>O atom that has a partial - charge</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Why Water is Polar

  • Uneven charge distribution makes water a polar ‍molecule,

  • Has a positive end (hydrogen side) and a ‍negative end (oxygen side).


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Hydrogen Bonds

  • Polarity is what allows hydrogen bonds to form between water molecules

  • The δ+ hydrogen ‍of one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the δ− oxygen of neighbouring molecule

  • Since opposite charges attract, these polar regions create ‌weak intermolecular attractions called hydrogen bonds