Dental Science Unit II Exam

What is thrush & what is another name for it?

Opportunistic infection caused by fungi, pseudomembranous candidiasis

What does virulent mean?

Bad, dangerous, rapidly spreading

What is MRSA and why is it a health concern?

infection that is resistant to many antibiotics

What color is gram-negative stain?

Light pink

Why do we need to know about microbiology?

To know how to prevent disease transmission in the office

What is microscopic diagnosis?

A biopsy of tissue

General antibiotics are ineffective in preventing what type of infection?

Viral infections

What is cellulitis?

Inflammation that spreads through the soft tissue or organs

Why do we need to know about abnormal conditions in the mouth?

To inform the dentist so a diagnosis can be made

What is a pandemic?

Global disease outbreak

What is a therapeutic diagnosis?

Identifying an oral condition by specific treatment “therapy”

What is the most common type of oral cancer?

Squamous cell carcinoma

What are incipient carries?

The first stage of development of a carious lesion

Do we need saliva & why?

Yes, cleanses, hydrates and slows down and prevents caries process

What percent of adults have some sort of perio disease?

75%

What is periodontal disease & what are the two forms?

Leading cause of tooth loss in adults, gingivitis, periodontis

What is black hairy tongue & how is it caused?

Black hairs on the tongue, associated with smoking

What are spores?

Highly resistant bacteria cells

What are the three primary shapes of bacteria?

Coccus, bacillus, spirochete

What does the periodontal ligament do?

Connects cementum to the alveolar bone

What is a aphthus ulcer?

Canker sore

What are the links in the chain of infection?

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

What is gingivitis?

Inflammation of gum tissue

What is algae & what dental material is made out of it?

Microscopic single cell organism, alginate

What is xerostoma

Dry mouth

What is a common cause of death in HIV patients?

Opportunistic infection

What is normal & abnormal probe depth of sulcus

1-3, 4+

What is a radiographic diagnosis?

A diagnosis made by the dentist using an x-ray

What is Tori mandibularis

Benign boney overgrowth on the lingual surface of the mandible near molar and pre-molar areas

What needs to be present for cavities to occur?

Susceptible tooth, fermentable, carbs, specific bacteria

What is a pathogen?

A microorganism that produces disease in humans

What viral infection should we get a series of 3 vaccine for & why?

Hep B and because it spreads through saliva and blood

How do babies usually get caries causing bacteria?

The mother

What is a virus?

An infectious agent that can only live and replicate within appropriate host cell

What does microbiology stand for?

The study of microorganisms

What are anerobes

Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen

What is a clinical diagnosis?

What does human prion disease affect?

The brain

What form of perio disease is reversible?

Gingivitis

Why do we need to know what size and location of a oral lesion?

To monitor and create an accurate diagnosis

What are Aerobes

Variety of bacteria that require oxygen to grow

What is leukoplakia?

Generalized term for a white patch

What is a differential diagnosis?

When two or more plausible causes are identified

What are early childhood caries?

Single most prevalent disease “UCC”

What is calculus & how is it removed?

Mineralized buildup of plaque, removed using a scaling tool by the hygienist

What color is a gram positive stain?

Dark and purple

What is a blood-borne pathogen?

Pathogen carried in the blood and body fluid of infected individuals that can be transmitted to others

What is HIV & what cells does it affect

Human immuno deficiency virus, T cells

What is oral candidiasis & what is it caused by?

Opportunistic infection caused by fungi

What is a surgical diagnosis?

Biopsy during surgery

What are dental caries?

Infectious diseases

What five groups of pathogens did we discuss in chapter 18

Bacteria, virus, fungi/fungus, algae, protozoa

What is a cyst?

Fluid or semi solid fluid filled sac

What is bacteria?

Large group of one celled microorganisms that vary in size shape and arrangement

Why is cementum more likely to get caries over enamel?

Lower mineral content and less dense than enamel