ED 35 Educational Research Quiz Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering key research concepts, paradigms, ethical principles, variable types, and review models from the ED 35 quiz notes.

Empirical Research

Research based on systematic, observable evidence collected from primary or secondary datasets, featuring a Methodology section and Results.

Theoretical / Conceptual Articles

Articles that synthesize existing theories, propose analytical models, or provide philosophical critique without collecting empirical data.

Systematic Review

A qualitative synthesis of prior studies.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Prospective ethical review prior to data collection focused entirely on protecting human research subjects and minimizing risk.

Academic Peer Review

Retrospective evaluation of a finished manuscript by independent scholars to assess methodology, rigor, and scholarly contribution.

Respect for Persons (Belmont Report)

Principle requiring voluntary, fully informed consent without deception, acknowledging individual autonomy.

Beneficence (Belmont Report)

The ethical obligation to 'do no harm' and maximize potential benefits while minimizing research risks.

Justice (Belmont Report)

Ensuring a fair and equitable distribution of research burdens and benefits across populations.

Coercion vs. Undue Influence

Coercion involves a threat of penalty to compel participation; undue influence involves an excessive, irresistible reward.

Research Hierarchy Progression

The logical funnel: Topic -> Problem -> Gap -> Question -> Finding.

Problem

A problem exists in real-world educational practice.

Creswell's 5-Part Model for Quantitative Reviews

1. Introduction, 2. Review of IVs, 3. Review of DVs, 4. Studies linking IV to DV, 5. Articulation of research gap.

Postpositivism Paradigm

Deterministic stance assuming an objective reality approximated probabilistically; uses quantitative experiments and hypothesis testing.

Constructivism Paradigm

Stance holding multiple, socially constructed realities where meaning is negotiated; uses qualitative interviews and inductive themes.

Pragmatism Paradigm

Stance that truth is 'what works' to solve practical problems; uses mixed methods combining qualitative and quantitative tools.

Transformative Paradigm

Research intertwined with politics and social action to confront power imbalances and systemic oppression.

Deductive Reasoning (Top-Down)

Existing theory leads to hypotheses, empirical observation, and confirmation/rejection; primary domain of quantitative inquiry.

Inductive Reasoning (Bottom-Up)

Raw observations lead to pattern recognition, tentative hypotheses, and emergent theory; primary domain of qualitative inquiry.

Nominal Variables

Categorical or qualitative labels without mathematical order, magnitude, or rank (e.g., college major, race).

Ordinal Variables

Ranked categories with a sequential order, but unequal intervals between points (e.g., Likert scales, class standing).

Continuous Variables

Numeric measurements along an unbroken mathematical continuum with equal units (e.g., GPA, income).

Primary Data

Data collected first-hand for the current study.

Pearson's r Correlation Properties

Ranges from $-1.00$ to $+1.00$. Sign shows direction, magnitude shows strength. Correlation does not imply causation.

Meta-Analysis

A quantitative synthesis pooling statistical effect sizes.

Secondary Data

Previously gathered data re-analyzed.

Gap

Exists in published scholarly literature.