philo human beings

rizal and kant

-Human being is endowed with reason
-He is self autonomous with self regulating will

karl jaspers

-more than what he/she knows about himself/herself (perennial scope)
-lost in a context of total determination

immanuel kant

-determine themselves through their interaction with their environment
-act autonomously, they make choices, including moral choices
-choices in accordance with moral law

grenzsituationen

limit situations in german

limit situation

human being is said to have differing experiences from those arising from ordinary situations.

boundary situation

-inescapable and inevitable breaks of ordinary patterns of human existence
-break the conventional pattern or ordinaryness of life.

Duality

-body is separate and distinct from the soul
-soul: immaterial
-body: corporeality

lorenz 2009

“we have soul or spirit

Plato

-dualist
-Human soul exist prior to the body and even if after the body is gone
-Physical world is made up of appearances or copies of what is real.

Rene Descartes

-dualist
-exists because doubt requires a doubter
-power to move, feel and think - this is attributed to body and soul.

Thomas Aquinas

Matter (body) and form (soul) cannot remain a being if matter and form are not united.

Aristotle

-The body and soul are only two aspects of the whole man.
-one like the oneness of the ugly and his figure.

soul

inner-life in relation to your own experience: your mind, heart, will, and imagination.

spirit

inner-life in relation to God: your faith, hope, love, character, and perseverance.

nephesh

soul in the Bible

soma outer most

body

psyche outer

soul

pneuma inner

spirit