Sport in Society Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards defining key terminology, sports science domains, social theories, economic terms, and coaching styles from Chapters 1 through 5.

Play

Physical activity of childhood characterized as free activity to explore the environment, express oneself, dream, and pretend, with no firm rules, set location, or important outcome, where pleasure is the only objective.

Games

A specialized form of play with more structure, possessing informal or formal rules, competition, and an outcome determined by luck, strategy, or skill.

Sport

Institutionalized physical activity and skill involving competition with specialized facilities and equipment, where the outcome is important and not predetermined.

Work

The physical or mental effort needed to perform a task, often connected to earning a living.

Biophysical Domain

A domain of sport science that includes biomechanics, exercise physiology, nutrition, and sport medicine.

Psychosocial Domain

A domain of sport science that encompasses sport psychology, motor learning behavior, and pedagogy.

Sociocultural Domain

A domain of sport science that includes sport history, philosophy of sport, sport sociology, and sport administration/management.

Sociology

The study of society, its institutions, and its relationships.

Quantifiable Research

Research involving facts and figures that can be counted and analyzed statistically.

Qualitative Research

Research collected through interviews and observations of individuals or groups, or through the analysis of societal characteristics and trends.

Ethnography

Research based on observations where researchers immerse themselves in an environment and keep recorded conversations or notes.

Functionalist Theory

A social theory emphasizing the maintenance of the status quo and equilibrium, viewing sport as a valuable social institution that builds character and instills values.

Conflict Theory

A social theory based on Marxism that sees economic interests as shaping the world, arguing that sport benefits individuals and organizations holding power to the detriment of participants and the working class.

Critical Theory

A social theory that views life as complex and diverse, where social order is obtained through struggles over ideology and power, and sport provides opportunities to change society.

Feminist Theories

Social theories that view social life as based on a patriarchal ideology controlled by men in powerful positions, noting that females lack equal opportunity in sport and are underrepresented in leadership roles.

Interactionist Theory

A social theory that views the world from the bottom up, focusing on relationships between individuals and how people choose to participate in sport.

Figurational Theory

A social theory emphasizing connections between people and their interdependence, examining sport as part of society viewed historically over the long term.

Sport Sociology

The study of sport and physical activity in the context of social conditions and culture.

Extrinsic Rewards

External incentives that motivate sport participants, such as money and fame.

Intrinsic Rewards

Internal incentives that motivate sport participants, such as fun and fitness.

Direct Spectators

Fans who attend a live sporting event in person at a stadium, arena, or other venue.

Indirect Spectators

Fans who watch or listen to sport through media platforms such as radio, television, or the internet.

Capitalism

An economic system where resources and production are privately owned, based on profit motive, free markets, and competition.

Neoliberalism

A late 20th-century policy framework and ideology promoting deregulation, privatization, free trade, and reduced government spending on social services.

National Revenue

In professional sports leagues like the NFL, revenue generated from national sources such as TV deals, merchandising, and licensing deals.

Local Revenue

In professional sports, revenue generated directly by individual teams through ticket sales, corporate sponsors, and stadium concessions.

Public Financing

The use of public funds to finance projects, such as sports stadiums and arenas.

Private Financing

Project funding that relies on non-public dollars.

Youth Sport

Organized or casual athletic programs and physical activities played by children and adolescents, typically ranging from ages $5$ to $18$.

Autocratic Coaching Leadership Style

A coaching style where the coach establishes goals, plans, and strict rules, relying on direct orders, criticism, punishment, and extrinsic motivation.

Athlete-Centered Coaching Leadership Style

A democratic coaching style where players participate in goal setting, and the coach utilizes encouragement, positive feedback, intrinsic motivation, and social reinforcement.

Manager Coaching Leadership Style

A transactional coaching style where the coach focuses on supervising, organizing, planning, facilitating, setting clear performance goals, and maintaining operational structure.