SOCSCI III " Lesson 4 - Natural and Artificial Methods of Contraception"

female and male sterilization

long acting reversible contraceptives]

barrier methods

rhythm methods

According the WHO (2020), the most popular methods of birth control in order of most effective to least effective are:

vasectomy

male sterilization that involves a surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy permanently. A small incision made on each side of the scrotum, vas deferens is tied or plugged to block the passage of the sperm

tubal ligation

female sterilization that involves a surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy permanently. occluding the fallopian tubes through cutting or blocking to inhibit the passage of both the sperm and ova

vasectomy and tubal ligation or occlusion

examples of female and male sterilization

intrauterine devices and hormonal implants

Example of long-acting reversible contraceptives that provide birth control with a 3- to 10-year lifespan

short-acting hormonal method

This includes birth control that you take every day or month like the pill, mini pills, patch, and vaginal ring. There‘s also a shot that your doctor can administer every 3 months

Barrier method

These are used each time you have sex and include condoms, diaphragms, sponges, and cervical caps.

rhythm method

This natural birth control method is based on ovulation cycle. This involves abstaining from sex on the days when you‘re most fertile and most

likely to become pregnant.

Natural family planning (or "fertility awareness")

a method of contraception where a woman monitors and records different fertility signals during her menstrual cycle to work out when she's likely to get pregnant.

-abstinence -calendar method

-basal body temperature -cervical mucus method

-symptothermal method -ovulation detection

-coitus interruption

examples of natural method

abstinence

abstaining from sexual intercourse. most effective natural birth control method – 0% fail rate ideally. most effective way to avoid STDs. Most people find it difficult to comply so only few use this method.

calendar method

The process in calculating for the woman‘s safe days is achieved when the woman records her menstrual cycle for 6 months. A rhythm method and family planning method refraining from coitus during the days the woman is fertile

basal body temperature

rises to a full degree because of progesterone and maintains its level throughout the menstrual cycle

cervical mucus method

changes in the cervical mucus during ovulation

Symptothermal Method

simply a combination of the BBT method and the cervical mucus method. woman‘s temperature and cervical mucus checked everyday

ovulation detection

an over-the-counter kit that can predict ovulation – surge of luteinizing hormone that happens 12-24 hours before ovulation urine specimen of the woman

coitus interrupts

one of the oldest methods. still proceeds with coitus, but the man withdraws the moment he emit semen and emit it outside the female reproductive organ

pre-emission

fluid that contains a few spermatozoa that may cause fertilization

artificial method

A method that include the intentional prevention of conception or impregnation through the use of various devices, agents, drugs, sexual practices, or surgical procedures.

-contraceptives -transdermal patch -vaginal ring

-subdermal implants -hormonal injections -intrauterine Device IUD

-Chemical Barriers -Diaphragm -Cervical Cap

-Male condom -Female condom -Surgical Methods

examples of artificial method

contraceptives

pill, oral contraceptives that contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone. The woman should take the 1st pill on the 1st Sunday after the beginning of a menstrual flow or may start as soon as it‘s prescribed.

estrogen

what hormone suppresses the follicle stimulating hormone

progesterone

what hormone decreases the permeability of the cervical mucus to limit the sperms access to the ovaries

transdermal patch

has a combination of both estrogen and progesterone in a form of a patch

vaginal ring

releases a combination of estrogen and progesterone. it surrounds the cervix and inserted vaginally and remains there for 3 weeks

subdermal implants

2 rod-like implants embedded under the skin of the woman during her menses/7th day of her menstruation and contains etonogestrel, desogestrel and progestin.

hormonal injections

contains medroxyprogesterone. inhibits ovulation and causes changes in the endometrium and the cervical mucus

Intrauterine Device IUD

a small, T-shaped object inserted into the uterus via the female reproductive

organ and prevents fertilization by creating a local sterile inflammatory condition to prevent implantation. fitted only by the physician and inserted after the menstrual flow to be sure that the woman is not pregnant and contains progesterone.

5-7 years

How many years does an IUD effective?

3-5 years

How many years does an Subdermal implants effective?

chemical barries

spermicides, vaginal gels and creams, glycerin films – death of sperms before entering the cervix and lowers the pH level of the female reproductive organ and it cannot prevent STDs but can be bought w/o prescription

Diaphragm

inhibiting the entrance of the sperm into the female reproductive organ. a circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix and should be placed before coitus. fitted only by the physician; should be remained in place for 6 hours after coitus

cervical cap

made of soft rubber and fitted on the rim of the cervix and its like a thimble with a thin rim, and could stay in place for not more than 48 hours

male condom

a latex/synthetic rubber sheath placed on the erect male reproductive organ

before penetration in the female reproductive organ to trap the sperm during the emission of semen. can prevent STDs and can be bought over-the-counter w/o fitting needed. have an ideal fail rate of 2% and a typical fail rate of 15% due to a sheath breakage or spilling

female condom

latex rubber sheaths specially designed for females and pre lubricated with spermicide have an inner ring that covers the cervix and an outer, open ring that is placed against the opening of female reproductive organ disposable and require no prescription