HSC 215: Exam 3

Obesity

A condition characterized by excessive body fat, determined by BMI and waist circumference.

Obesogenic environment

An environment that promotes unhealthy eating and physical inactivity, leading to obesity.

BMI (Body Mass Index)

A measure that calculates body fat based on weight and height.

RMR (Resting Metabolic Rate)

The rate at which the body expends energy at rest, accounting for 60-70% of daily energy expenditure.

Thermic Effect of Activity (TEA)

Energy expenditure from all muscle contractions above resting metabolic rate, including exercise and everyday activities.

Essential fat

The minimum amount of fat necessary for proper body function, with 3-5% for men and 8-12% for women.

Sarcopenia

The age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures.

Energy density

The number of calories per gram of food, which affects portion size and satiety.

Caloric intake recommendations

Generally, no less than 800 daily calories; very-low-calorie diets are unsustainable.

Body Composition

The ratio of fat, muscle, and bone mass in the body, which relates to health.

Waist circumference

A measure that helps evaluate the amount of visceral fat in the body.

Negative body image

Perceptions that negatively affect self-esteem, potentially leading to eating disorders.

Eating disorders

Disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating, often associated with negative body image.

DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)

A method for estimating body composition by measuring bone density and fat mass using low-energy X-rays.

Hydrodensitometry

A method to measure body composition based on underwater weighing.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

A technique that estimates body composition by measuring the resistance of electrical currents in the body.

Skin Fold Measurement

A method of assessing body fat by measuring the thickness of skin folds at various body sites.

Prescribing exercise for weight management

Recommends moderate to vigorous aerobic activities for 30–60 minutes at least five days per week.

Professional help for weight management

Includes consulting with psychologists, registered dietitians, and certified fitness trainers.

Female Athlete Triad

A health syndrome in female athletes characterized by disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.

Positive body image

A healthy perception of one's body, leading to better self-esteem and successful weight management.