Art History

Chinese art, high Italian Ren,

Who made this statue? Tell me about the pose, and other important info

Donatello David 1446-1460 Bronze Florence

• The statue is staged in Contra Posto, which implies movement.

• Commissioned by the Medici to show themselves as the body of Florence

• Statue was made to confront other countries (underdogs)

Name this famous architect and the motifs its based on

Leon Alberti, West facade of St. Andrea 1470

• represents congruity, harmony of the various parts of the building

• Based on= Arch of Constantine, Romes triumphal arch

What is Neoplatonism?

a philosophical framework that revived during the Italian Renaissance- that connects physical visible beauty directly to divine spiritual truth

• EX-Birth of Venus Depicts the goddess Venus not as a pagan idol, but as a symbol of divine or spiritual love

Who commissioned the sistine chapel?

Pope Sixtus IV

Name this fresco

Perigino, Christ delivering the keys of the kingdom to St. Peters sistine chapel 1481 Fresco

what are some main themes of the High Renaissance

• : Rebirth of Classical Antiquity; Classical forms and myths
  continued to be applied to Christian themes

• : Rome became a major center of patronage because everyone in their mother was working on sistine chapel

• artists were characterized as intellectuals

name this drawing

Leonardo da Vinci the fetus and lining of the uterus 1511-13 pen and ink with wash over red chalk and traces

name this drawing

Leonardo Da Vinci Vitruvian Man study of the human body 1490 pen and ink on paper

What does Vitruvius mean?

was the ideal man with the circle and the square, the circle was the ideal universal form

name this painting

Leonardo Da Vinci, The last Supper 1495-1498 Fresco on plaster, Santa Maria della Grazi Milan Italy

What was the main theme in Visaris essay?

• The history of literature and science

• That renaissance was the return yo nature, antiquity, and of technical artistic progress

• map out historical timeline of art history

What did Visari wish to communicate?

• Achieving ultimate protection- Leonardo introduced a new level of realism and depth

• artist should be seen as intellectuals

what new artistic ideas did Visari present?

• View art through a more organic lense and the life cycle of art

• that drawing was the foundation that ties painting, sculpture, and architecture all together

Imitation Vs Invention

leaning by copying nature and going beyond the subject with ones own artistic decisions

How are Visaris ideas relevant to the Renaissance?

• his book basically defined the renaissance and made artists seen as intellectuals

• His work celebrates the combination of the old and the new EX the Pieta

Name this famous sculpure

Michelangelos David 1501-1504 Mable 13’5 Galleria della Acidemia, Florence

Italian word for quality of heroic and awe-inspiring art, commonly used to describe Michelangelos work

Terriblita ( Kida sounds like Terrible but fancy)

Compare Michelangeos’s David and Donotello’s David

Mechelangelo’s

• Huge, more detailed, looks older, was made of marble

Donatellos sculpture

• more life size, more graceful, David looks younger, made out of metal

How did Pope Julius convince Michelangelo to paint the sistine chapel?

The pope let him have full artistic freedom

Moving to Asian art what is Hinduism?

originates from India, were the brahmin priests makes sacrifices to please the gods ro release the endless cycle of suffering.

(the way or the universal path) philosophy of awareness related to nature rejecting anything artificial.

Daoism

(neotheistic / No God) founded by a prince Siddhardtha unearthing the 4 noble truths that would lead you to Nirvana ( the end of suffering)

Buddhism

What is this? What dynasty was it built in?

• A stupa- mound like structure containing relics of dead Buddhist monks built over the relics of the buddha

• built during the Maurya Dynasty

• 
  

Who built the Stupas?

Under Ashoka because he felt guilty about killing a bunch of people in a war

Who ruled prior to the Maurya Empire?

The Greeks under Alexander the Great

What are the 4 noble truths in Buddhism

• life is suffering

• the cause of suffering is desire

• one ca n overcome and extinguish desire

• The way to end desire and overcome suffering is to follow the buddhas path of self-discipline and self denial

What were some achievements of the Song Dynasty

Printing with moveable type, paper money, gun powder

Literati and literati painting

• government workers who gained status through their educational performance

• style that reflects the taste of the educated classes

Name this painting

Fan Kuan Travelers among mountains and streams Northern song 11C Hanging scroll on silk

can be made of a form of silk, rice paper, or hemp

Scrolls

Name this famous fresco

Michelangelo Ceiling of the sistine chapel Vatican Rome Italy 1508-1512 fresco

Themes of the sistine chapel

human kind is made, human kind sinned , human kind is reedemed

True or False- Michelangelo included greek, and pagan figures within the sistine chapel paintings?

true

what is the Delphic symbol?

classical figure who made prophesies in the sacred precinct of Apollo and Delphi

what is ignudi

Classical ideal male figure placed all throughout the sistine chapel. almost like a filler figure

what is the Della Rovere symbol

an oak tree symbol for the patron who build the sistine chapel

What story does the sistine chapel tell?

depicts 5 scenes from the book of Genesis- from gods creation of the world to the story of Noah

name this fresco

Creation of Adam, sistine chapel Rome Italy 1511-1512 Fresco

name this room and what it is

• Raphael Stanza della signatura (room of signatures ) Vatican palace Rome 1510 Fresco

• The room depicted the 4 branches of knowledge : theology, poetry, law, and philosophy

Name this fresco, what idea did it give?

• Raphael school of Athens Stanza della segnachura 1510-1511 Fresco

• Brings out the idea that artists are intellectuals

who was Rapheal’s teacher?

Perugio

Explain the main differences between the High Ren and Early Ren from Perguios Delivering the keys to ST. Peters and Rapheal’s school of Athens

• Rapheal’s fresco has a mix of greek and Roman figures, very classical

• All important figures are in the foreground of Perguios painting

• Much more interaction between figures in Rapheal’s fresco

Name this print

• Marcantonio Raimondi, Judgment of Paris (designed by Raphael) 1510 engraving print

• treaty of Paris was a greek/roman myth that started the Trojan war

what was the premises of the paragone?

It was the establishment of the seven visual arts grammar, arithmetic, music, geometry

Common corruptions within the church

Indulgence, nepotism

what was going on on the Italian Baroque period?

• Counter Reformation - in response to loosing lots of followers the church made the council of tent which let artists make more theatrical, dramatic, and naturalistic art to inspire people to come back to the church

• characterized by growing development in science, math

• art consisted more of portraits, landscapes and everyday life

Name this piece of Architecture

Bernini the Braccia, arms of St. Peters

Results of the counter reformation

• humanism declined—> naturalism SPIKED

• artists get inspiration from nature and the natural world to theory and church

• NO nudity in religious paintings

• The church commissioned artists to gain back their followers

Name this sculpture

Bernini, David 1623 marble 5,7

What where some Baroque aspects of Bernini, David 1623 sculpture

• Diagonal lines and movement

• very dramatic and no nudity

• statue has other excessories

What is the difference between idealism and naturalism

Ideal= perfect figure

natural= how something would actually look in real life

Who the helly is St. Ignatious Loyola

so basically he wrote these excersizses that emerse all your senses to transport yourself emotionally to God

name this place

Bernini Cornaro Chapel 1645-1652, marble and stucco Santa Maria Victoria Rome Italy

Name this statue

Bernini Ecstasy of St.Teresa 1645-1652 marble Santa Maria Victoria Rome

• St. Teresa is having a godly orgasm

Bel Composto

a work of art that combines sculpture, paintings, and architecture in one cohesive piece of art

Name this painting

Caravaggio Entombment 1603, painted for Santa Maria in Vallicella Rome oil on canvas

Dramatic illusion, violent contrasts of light and dark, where darkness becomes the dominating force of the image

Tenebrism

what is the difference between Tenebrism and chiaroscuro

chiaroscuro is used to create a 3-D modeling of form, tenebrism to create a sense of
theatrical dynamism.

Name one of your fav paintings

ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI, Judith Slaying Holofernes,
ca. 1614-1620, oil on canvas