Ecology and Biology Test Review

individual

one organism of one species

population

group of organisms of the same species living in the same place at the same time

community

groups of populations of different species living in the same area, interacting

ecosystem

all biotic and abiotic factors in a given are interacting with each other

autotroph

another name for a producer (can produce their own food)

heterotroph

another name for a consumer (cannot make their own food)

habitat

a place or environment where a plant or animal naturally lives

commensalism

a relationship where one species obtain food or shelter from the other species (does not harm or help the other species)

mutualism

a relationship where both species benefit from relationship

parasitism

a relationship between two species in which one species (the host)

pH scale

0-14

acid

0-6

neutral

6-8

base

8-14

biotic

a living organism

abiotic

a non-living organism

food chain starts with

sun/sunlight

first level of the energy pyramid

producers

second level of the energy pyramid

primary consumers

third level of the energy pyramid

secondary consumers

fourth level of the energy pyramid

tertiary consumers

complete metamorphosis

egg - larva - pupa - adult

incomplete metamorphosis

egg - nymph - adult

energy is the ability to do ____

work

8 biomes

tundra, grassland, deciduous forest, marine, desert, tropical rainforest, freshwater, taiga

tundra

consists of very cold climates either Arctic or Alpine; plants and animals have adapted to very cold climate, little rainfall, and very little sunlight

grassland

found on every continent except Antarctica; also called Prairie, Steppe and Savanna

deciduous forest

broad leaves that shed each fall; contains ferns, snakes, chipmunks, wolves, flowers, deer to name a few

marine

largest Biome in the world; Contains mollusks, sea turtles, sea snakes, starfish, sea urchins, lobsters, and crabs

desert

harsh for humans because of very little rainfall; categorized as arid, semi-arid, coastal, and cold deserts

tropical rainforest

90% of plants and animals live there; covers 6% of Earth and consist of Forest Floor, Understory, Canopy, and Emergent layers

freshwater

contains less than 1% salt; can be rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, and wetlands

taiga

cone-shaped coniferous trees are dominant; animals have shorter ears, snouts, legs and tails, grow thick coats of fur, and may hibernate

formula for photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2

formula for cellular respiration

O2 + C6H12O6 (Glucose) → energy (work) + H2O + CO2

part B

leaf: take in sunlight and CO2 , release O2 and H2O

part C

roots: take in water and nutrients

Part E

Xylem: moves water up the plant

part G

phloem: traports food/sugar from leaves to plant

part H

flower: attracts pollinators for reproduction

what chemical do plant take in?

carbon dioxide

what chemical do plants give off?

oxygen

which is an correct food chain?