Urban City Models

Concentric Zone Model

A model highlighting that cities grow outward in concentric rings from the Central Business District (CBD), with changing land use and population density.

Sector Model (Hoyt Model)

A model explaining that cities grow in wedges along transportation routes, with distinct socio-economic sectors of land use.

Multiple Nuclei Model

A model that illustrates cities with multiple centers of activity, rather than a single CBD.

Galactic City Model (Peripheral Model)

A model showing modern cities with suburban business districts connected by highways, leading to urban sprawl.

Latin American City Model

A model that illustrates the impact of colonial history and income inequality in shaping urban structure in Latin America.

African City Model

A model demonstrating that African cities often have multiple CBDs, blending colonial influences and traditional markets.

Southeast Asian City Model

A model showing that Southeast Asian cities prioritize trade and ports, lacking a single downtown.

Informal settlements

Unplanned and unregulated housing areas, often found on the outskirts of cities, where the poor live.

Social stratification

The hierarchical arrangement of individuals into divisions of social class.