Ch 9 & 10 Food and CUlture UND

What is the largest non-European ethnic group in the United States?

Latinx Americans (mexican americans the most)

What are the foundational foods contributed by Latin America?

Corn Beans Potatoes Squash Chilipeppers

What does mestizo mean?

mixed indigenous and spanish ancestry

What percent of Mexicans in general are mestizos?

80%

What was the Bracero Program?

Program after the Great Depression where Mexicans worked legally in the US to fill labor shortages

Where do most Mexican Americans live?

California Texas Arizona

What are barrios?

Urban Latinx neighborhoods where many immigrants settle

What is the most important social unit in Mexican culture?

Family

(even before your own needs)

What religion do most Mexican Americans follow?

Roman Catholic

What are botanicas?

Herbal pharmacies

What are curanderos/curanderas?

Traditional healers who use prayer, faith, and cleansing rituals

What is susto?

Illness believed to result from excessive emotion or fright

What is empacho?

Digestive ailment thought to happen when food gets “stuck” in stomach

What health theory is common in Mexican and Central American cultures?

Hot-cold theory

What is the Hot-cold theory in mexican cultures?

Balance between hot and cold foods is important for health

what crop was the staple grain of the Aztecs?

Corn

What were chinampas?

Productive Floating gardens used by the Aztecs

What is chocolatl?

Hot unsweetened chocolate drink

What is pulque?

Fermented agave beverage

What foods did the Spanish introduce?

Rice Wheat Garlic Onions Cinnamon Sugarcane Hogs

What is masa harina?

Flour from lime-treated corn to make tortillas

What two foods are served at most meals in Mexico?

Rice and Beans

Common stuffed Mexican foods?

Tacos Tamale Enchilada Burrito Quesadilla Flautas

Most common beverage in Mexico?

Coffee

Which region of Mexico eats the most beef?

Mexican Plains (Northern)

Foods common in Tropical Mexico? (south)

Seafood Fish Banana Plantain Pineapple Guava Yuca

What is pibil?

Yucatán cooking method to steam foods in banana leaves

What are mole sauces?

Complex spicy sauces from Southern Mexico

What is the largest traditional meal of the day?

Comida eaten around 1-2PM

Mexican meal pattern

• Desayuno = Breakfast

• Almuerzo = Coffee break

• Comida = Lunch

• Merienda = Afternoon snack

• Cena = Dinner

What does Desayuno Mean?

Breakfast

What does Almuerzo mean

Coffee break

What does Comida mean

Lunch

What does Merienda mean

Afternoon snack

What does Cena mean

Dinner

What holiday honors the dead?

Dias de los Muertos (Nov 1-2)

What food is associated with Dias de los Muertos?

Pan de muerto

What are posadas?

Christmas celebrations with piñatas

In Mexican culture, what is a major social mistake?

rejecting an offered food or drink

How are utensils traditionally used in hands? (silverware)

Fork in left and Knife in right

How does acculturation affect diet? (previous mexicans)

less traditional foods, more sweet drinks, more fat and cholesterol, less fiber and vitamin C

Major health concern among Mexican Americans?

type 2 diabetes

What is the "Mexican Immigrant Health Paradox"?

Foreign-born Mexicans have better health than more acculturated Mexicans

Which countries make up Central America?

Belize

Guatemala

El Salvador

Honduras

Nicaragua

Costa Rica

Panama

Two major waves of Central American immigration?

1. before 1980

2. late 1970s during civil war

Main religion of Central Americans?

Roman Catholic

What predicts health according to some Guatemalan beliefs?

quality and quantity of blood

Cornerstones of the Central American diet?

Beans Corn Rice

What grain was introduced by the Spanish and became a staple?

Rice

What drink is grown throughout Central America?

Coffee

What foods were staples of the early Maya?

Corn beans squash Tomatoes Chiles Tropical-fruit Cocoa

Health and Longevity Takeaway for mexicans?

whole-grain rice + beans

rich in fiber

Where is coffee ORIGINALLY from?

Ethiopia

Big Green Elephants Hate Nasty Cold Pizza

Belize

Guatemala

El Salvador

Honduras

Nicaragua

Costa Rica

Panama

What are the 4 regions of Mexico discussed in Chapter 9?

Mexican plains

Tropical Mexico

Yucatan peninsula

Southern mexico

Traditional Mexican foods

 corn tortillas, beans, rice, soups, stews, and stuffed foods such as tacos, tamales, enchiladas, burritos, and quesadillas.

Central America, staple foods

 beans, corn, rice, fruits, vegetables, soups, stews, breads, and coffee

Are mexican americans or Central americans more americanized?

mexican americans

specialties of mexican plains

 beef, cactus fruit, nopales, and piñon nuts

specialties of tropical mexico

seafood, fish, bananas, plantains, pineapple, guava, and cassava.

specialties of Yucatan Peninsula

pibil

specialties of southern mexico

complex mole sauces and cacao dishes

specialties of central america

quesadilla and sopa de rosquillas

What percentage of Mexican Americans in the U.S. are Roman Catholic?

55%

What percentage of people in Mexico are Roman Catholic?

81%

What family change is seen among Mexican Americans after immigration?

50% of women work outside home

What is the flat bread of Mexico?

Tortilla

What ingredient is used to make tortillas?

Masa harina

Which religion attracts some Central Americans

Evangelical Protestant