LAGOS CASE STUDY (Urban issues and challenges) aqa gcse

where is Lagos situated

Lagos which is in south - west of Nigeria is in the continent of Africa. Lagos is found near the coast and is not the capital city.

Lagos Nationally facts

• Lagos is the centre of trade and commerce

• 80% of Nigeria industry is based in Lagos

Lagos Regionally facts

• large population = market for consumption

• 1999 tax in Lagos started 600 mil Kip ($3.7 mil) a month

• 480,000 in 1990 to 4.1 million in 2014 of middle class people

Lagos Internationally facts

• new wave of foreign companies are moving in

• Lagos is the seventh fast growing city in the world

Lagos Natural increase facts and overall impact

high birth rate - average is just 18 year old 

Falling death rate - better healthcare →few infant mortality rate

overall impact - city grows 3% every year 

Lagos Migration examples

Job opportunities - formal employment (pull)

environmental problems - desertification (push)

better education - access to uni (pull)

security issues - violence from groups (push)

Lagos - SOCIAL ( water supply)

water supply

• 10% of homes have access to piped water of clean water

Lagos - SOCIAL (Energy)

• power stations were placed to reduce power shortage

  • the solar home system (SHS) - government help pay for the solar panels

Lagos - SOCIAL (Health) facts

• built special hospitals for the growing populations  - mother and children centres 

  • life expectancy is 54.5 years 

Lagos - SOCIAL (education)

• literacy rate is around 69% as of 2022 data

• 33% of children that have reached primary school age have dropped out to help parents that are in poverty

3 factors of Economic stimulus and give statistics

traffic congestion - rapid urban growth in Lagos created lots of traffic. average commuter experiencing 70 minutes of daily delays in 2024

Informal settlement - rapid urbanisation created squatter settlements around Lagos. Approximately 70% of Lagos's population resides in informal settlements

Worker exploitation - some workers are underpaid with some foreign companies taking this as an advantage. Nationally, the most common form of exploitation for registered victims is forced labour (70%)

Challenges In lagos 

slums and squatter settlements,

water and sanitation,

unemployment and crime,

traffic congestion 

slums/ squatter settlement (limitation, main strategy and statistics)

limitations - overcrowding diseases and forced evictions.

main strategy - LEEK: sit and scheme work

Statistics - 75% people live in squatter settlement

Water and sanitation  (limitation, main strategy and statistics)

limitations - overuse of groundwater, diseases 

main strategy - water master plan 2040

statistics - 10% of population have piped water 

Unemployment and crime (Limitation, main strategy and statistics)

Limitations - most jobs in informal sector

main strategy - Lagos employment funds

statistics - 90% of jobs are in the informal sector

Waste disposal  (limitation, main strategy and statistics)

limitations - waste collection still doesn’t reach all areas 

main strategy - sustainable circular economy 

statistics - only 13% is recycled 

Traffic congestion (Limitation, main strategy and statistics)

limitations - high infrastructure cost and construction delay

main strategy - BRT and Blue line Rails

Statistics - air pollution is 5% greater than international recommended limit due to traffic congestion

Urban planning

Makoko floating school

• building a school in the middle of a lake→ space is efficiently used eg: more space for farmland and sewage systems

• Environmentally sustainable - helps communities to withstand rising sea levels