Anatomy- Development/Conditions of the Respiratory System

Week 4

lower respiratory organs (trachea, pharynx, larynx, and lungs) begin to develop

laryngotracheal groove

forms on the front (ventral) side of the embryonic foregut

By end of week 4 laryngotracheal groove has evaginated to form the ________ ________

laryngotracheal diverticulum

laryngotracheal diverticulum

outpouching that forms the respiratory bud (grows cranially and caudally)

respiratory bud

develops into trachea and lungs

At end of week 4 respiratory buds continues growing downward and gives rise to the _______ ________ _____

Primary Bronchial Buds

Main Bronchus formed by the end of ______

week 5

As the branching continues, segmental bronchi are present by ______

week 7

The segmental bronchi primordia and its mesenchyme will form

the basis for the bronchopulmonary segment

The lungs will grow and take on a layer of visceral pleura derived from

Splanchnic Mesoderm

The pleural cavities will expand into the body wall mesenchyme and take on a layer of

parietal pleural derived from somatic mesoderm

Embryonic period

Weeks 1 to 5

Pseudoglandular Period

Weeks 5 to 16

Canalicular Period

Weeks ~16 to ~25

Terminal bronchioles develop, mesoderm becomes vascularized, 50/50

Terminal Sac period

Weeks 25 to birth

alveolar walls begin to thin, highly vascular

Alveolar Period

8 years old

Lungs continue to mature; capillary network expands

Alveolar Epithelium

must be thin so that gas can pass through and exchange via the capillaries

Pleurisy (Injury to the Pleura)

rubbing of the pleural layers against each other can cause roughened patches which sends pain signals to the abdominal wall and/or the root of the neck and shoulder (can be difficult to diagnose)

Pulmonary Collapse (pneumothorax)

happens when too much air enter the pleural cavity, surface tension between pleural layers is eliminated and causes the lung to shrink within its own cavity

Thoracocentesis

(also called a pleural tap) medical procedure that uses a needle between the ribs to drain excess fluid or air from the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall

Lung Cancer

a disease that happens when cells in the lungs grow and multiply out of control, forming abnormal masses or tumors that can damage normal lung tissue and spread to other parts of the body

Bronchial Asthma

a type of allergic inflammatory response, occurs when an individual is hypersensitive to irritants in the inhaled air. (causes coughing, wheezing and

shortness of breath)

Cystic Fibrosis

an inherited genetic disease that causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus, which then blocks the airways and gas exchange and increases bacteria and can cause infections. As the immune system fights back, the resulting damage can cause permanent scarring in the affected organs

Victims usually die early in life,

COPD

category of disorders in which air flow into and out of the lungs is difficult and/or obstructed, likely a precursor to respiratory failure

Chronic Bronchitis

Excess mucous in the lower respiratory passageway, leads to fibrosis (scar tissue), increases bacteria and can block gas exchange

Emphysema

permanent enlargement of the alveoli caused by irritation to the epithelium of the alveolar walls. Associated with smoking