Anatomy Lab 1

list & describe the three cardinal planes

• frontal/coronal plane

  • divides body into anterior/ventral (in front of) and posterior/dorsal (behind) portions

• transverse/horizontal/axial plane

  • divides body into superior (above) & inferior (below) portions

• sagittal/longitudinal plane

  • divides body into right & left portions

  • closer to midline = medial

  • farther to side = lateral

terms regarding respect to a point of origin?

proximal = closer

distal = farther

terms regarding respect to the surface of the body?

superficial = closer to the surface

deep = farther from the surface

what is the function of the skeleton?

serves as internal scaffolding of the human body, providing support, protection, & mobility to all the body’s structures

which are the axial bones?

• skull

• mandible

• cervical vertebrae

• thoracic vertebrae

• lumbar vertebrae

• sacrum

• coccyx

• ribs

• sternum

• manubrium of sternum

which are the appendicular bones?

• clavicle

• scapula

• humerus

• radius

• ulna

• carpals

• metacarpals

• phalanges

• pelvic bone

• femur

• patella

• tibia

• fibula

• tarsals

• metatarsals

• phalanges

important parts & functions of the vertebrate

• vertebral canal between C1 and L2 houses the spinal cord

• vertebral foramina allows passage of spinal nerves out from the spinal cord

different kinds of vertebrae

• cervical vertebrae

  • numbered C1-C7

  • have the smallest vertebral bodies

• thoracic vertebrae

  • numbered T1-T12

  • have smooth patches where they articulate with the 12 ribs

• lumbar vertebrae

  • numbered L1-L5

  • have the largest vertebral bodies & no transverse foramina

medical applications for the clavicle

the clavicle is the only bony connection between the arm and the trunk & is vulnerable to injury or fracture from forceful blows to the shoulder

features of the humerus

• head: articulating w/ scapula, forms the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint), a ball-and-socket joint

• trochlea: articulating w/ ulna, forms part of the elbow joint, a hinge joint

• capitulum: articulating w/ radius

  • radius has less secure attachment to the humerus, which allows increased mobility of forearm

physiology/function of the pelvic bone

pelvic bone is analogous to the scapula & clavicle, but is adapted for much greater stability (and therefore decreased mobility) compared to the pectoral girdle

list & explain the functions of the two bones of the leg

• tibia

  • positioned medially, its the major weight bearing bone of the leg & is much larger than the fibula

• fibula

  • positioned laterally, it does not articulate w/ the femur

  • stabilizes the ankle joint, giving more stability/less mobility compared to the wrist