body systems

cell

smallest functional unit of a complex system

tissue

many of the same type of cell working together

organ

many of the same type of tissue working together

body system

many organs working together

circulatory system

a system that moves blood throughout the body

what is in the circulatory system?

heart, blood, blood vessels

veins

thin walls to carry blood back to the heart

arteries

thick walls to pump oxygenated blood away from the heart

capillaries

thin walls that connects the veins and arteries to move oxygen and nutrients

blood vessels

veins, capillaries and arteries

is blood a tissue?

yes

what is blood made out of?

plasma, red and white blood cells, platelets

what do red blood cells do?

delivers oxygen from lungs to organs then transports co2 back to lungs

why are red blood cells shaped like that?

a disc shape without a nucleus to maximise surface area for oxygen

respiratory system

enables breathing and gas exchange

respiratory system organs

nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli, diaphragm, pharynx, larynx

what is breathing

physical process of moving air in an out of the lungs

respiration

chemical process where cells use o2 to release energy from food

respiratory system equation

glucose + oxygen - co2 + water + energy

digestive system

breaks down large insoluble molecules into smaller more soluble ones

digestive system organs

salivary glands, mouth, oesophagus, small and large intestine, gall bladder, anus, liver

enzymes

speed up chemical digestion

excretion system

a system that removes waste from the body

waste examples

CO2 by lungs, sweat through skin, urine and waste released into intestines from the liver

excretion system key organs

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

homeostasis

the process that keeps the body’s internal conditions stable and balances, even when the outside environment changes

specialised cell

unique structure to perform certain functions

heart

pumps blood around the body

nose

filters air

trachea

main airway for throat to lungs

bronchi

the large air tubes that branch off from your windpipe (trachea) and carry air in and out of your lungs

lungs

intake O2 and emit CO2

alveoli

air sacs where O2 and CO2 are exchanged

diaphram

muscle beneath the lungs

pharynx

throat

larynx

holds vocal chords

salivary glands

produces saliva for food breakdown

mouth

chews food and starts digestion

oesophagus

pushes food to stomach

small intestine

absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream

large intestine

absorbs water and forms feces

gall bladder

stores and concentrates bile produced by the live to digest fats

anus

stores and removes waste

liver

produces bile to breakdown fats

kidneys

filters blood, removes waste to produce urine

ureters

tubes that carry urine from kidneys to the bladder

bladder

stores urine

urethra

carries urine out of the body