Exam 2 History

What is the humanitarian intervention?

intervening in a sovereignty affairs in another nation in the name of human rights. Responsibility to protect. It made anti-semitism better

What is a diaspora?

you have roots in a place but you no longer live there. you keep your culture in the new indigenous area. Many jews live in the diaspora for 1900 years. Many jews maintain their Jewishness. Most jews did not assimilate. The Jews being in the Diaspora worked well for the Christians because if the Jews were the chosen people they wouldn't have been cast out. They must have been casted out because they rejected Jesus. The great revolt happened which is the reason the Jews are in the diaspora. During the revolt, They got kicked out of Israel/palenstine.

What is a shtetl?

a rural village also known as a ghetto

what is anti-semitism?

categorical impugning of jews as jews. Jews are blamed for everything. they get blamed for capitalism and communism, even though capitalist and communists hate each other, doesn't make sense it's just hate. scape goat for anything that goes wrong in Europe. anti semitism is like bubble gum, you can stick it to anything. Anti semitism has been baked into Europe over 1900 years. Since Judaism and Christianity are cousins Saint Augustine said that you can't endorse murdering them. Jews where the only acceptable minority religion in Europe. The Jews were blamed for the Black Death because they did not die at the same rate as Gentiles but it was really because the kosher kept them very clean.

What is Zionism?

Theodore Herzl comes up with it. He watched the dreyfus affair and he’s assemilated. He says jews need their own state (self determination). Jews need their own state to return to promise land. isreal/palenstine. The pious jews (very old fashion churchy Jews) want the state to be Israel/ Palestine. No government. Starts buying land in Israel/palenstine. Has their own mail, military, language, now Hebrew is used again. Isreal/ Palestine there were 800,000 Palestinans enthically Arabic, 400,000 Jews, Palestinians Were living around Jews, when the Jews Started to try and make a state, the Palestinians freaked out because they had been living there for 100’s of years they don’t want to be Kicked out of their own country

what are pogroms?

a violent, organized attack directed against an ethnic or religious group, mostly for Jewish people. Christians go into a Jewish area and rampage.

Who is Benjamin Franklin Tillinghast?

He’s a leader of the Iowa-Russia famine relief program. He runs the daven port Iowa paper. He posts stories about famine and helps delivers corn.

What’s the Iowa-Russian famine relief commission?

A severe drought and crop failure that affected the Russian Empire, threatening people with starvation. Governor Horace Boies provides relief for victims of a severe famine.

What is realism?

accepting facts, afraid of making things worse, defining a nations strategic interests, minding your own business, look out for yourself, fearful of unintended consequences.

What’s veiled imperialism?

Country says they are intervening to help, but in reality they want to take advantage of country, they are meant to help.

What is rabbinic Judaism?

transportable Judaism ,How Jewishness is maintained in the diaspora. 200+ rules that tell you how to act, dress, compose yourself, and what you eat you don’t have to live in Israel to stay a Jew. Not called rabbinic anymore it’s Ultra orthodox.

What’s speed, terror, surprise?

women, children, and men lined up. Each person is interviewed. They have to take their clothes off and each person was told they would be showered to stop disease. “hurry up coffee and soup are getting cold.” Speed was used so that jews couldn’t have time to think. Yelling and screaming was used to cause terror. Surprise was when they were lied to, told they were being "resettled" in the East for work. Signs were around saying “this way to Ukraine”. “work will make you free.” Gas chambers were disguised as communal showers, and were told to remember their clothes-hook numbers to collect their belongings afterward.

What is Einsatzgruppen?

Mobile killing units. 1.5 million jews killed. Einsatzgruppen, 3,500 of the highly trained germans did the killings, primary perpetrators.The process was to round up jews, rob them, and march to murder sites. Latvia, eastern Europe Germans army comes and kills soviet union. Jews are rounded up and killed. Latvians are helping to kill and they know Jewish language. 250,000 helpers in genocide. Most jews live apart from gentiles so it’s easy to tell who is Jewish. It was wise for the mobile killing units. 100,000 a month died. This was total situation and

What is an Einsatzgruppen Pogroms?

Anti-jewish lynch mob. Germans and Gentile civillians are the perpetrators. Open season signal is sent. Jedwabne is in Poland and it’s a pogrom, Germans expel Russians. Market day happens and gentiles are going to murder the jews, their neighbors, and their friends. They want jew’s land, goods, livestock, and houses and or to make money. Clubs, shovels, knifes, farming tools is used to kill. They take a break on killing and take the survived people in a barn and set it on fire. One side of Jedwabne murders the other side of town. Neighbors and friend are killed. Nobody talked about this pogrom, they knew about it. It took 50 years for the news to come out about this because they were ashamed. This is a zero sum game of survival.

What is the creative destructive forces of liberal capitalism?

technology, the mode of building things (the rust belt)

creating more wealth than you have to destroy old modes of things or add technology.

ex: destroying flip phone for smartphone or ai being here.

Innovation is always happening.

Online shopping vs. local shopping, in person destroys old modes of things. Jews are being blamed for job loss and axiety.

What’s Treblinka?

original deathcamp, staff of 30 Germans. 960,000 jews killed. Second deadliest camp to Auschwitz. This was the most perfected operation.

What is a slave labor camp?

Prisoners, slavs, jews, worked as a slave until death. Gentiles are mostly the slaves. This was the largest amount of camps with at least 42,500 camps. Examples are Treblinka and Auschwitz.

Who are the Mizrahi jews?

You can tell their Mizrahi if their skin color is brown or black

north Africa and middle east

who are the Ashkenazi jews?

live in the Middle East

they’re European

Light skinned,dark hair + eyes

75% of American Jews

most likely killed in the holocaust

ultra orthodox

no hijab

they wear a wig

who are the Sephardic jews?

from the iberian peninsula

different food

different Spanish last names

temples are different

Was kicked out of Spain

In Spain Jews could leave, die, or convert jews scattered to the winds.

What’s ghettoization?

The Nazis seperated Jewish people in areas of towns/cities. Also known as a shtetl. Shtetls are rural villages. Jews have to live apart in the ghetto. ghetto wised for 1900 years. By until 19th century Jewshave to to live seperatley from the gentiles in the ghettos because they are a toxic alien force. they are religiously, liguisticaly, and spatially apart. Enlightenment happens and jews are released from ghettos.

What’s the christian Anti-semitism: Deicide and Blood libel?

jews are looking for a messiah (savor). Jews think that Jesus wasn't messiah. Christians think that Jesus was messiah. Both groups think they are God’s chosen people. Christians put Jews in Ghettos because they thought they were a spiritual virus. An example of this, is the passion plays where Jesus is killed by the jews. An example of a blood libel : Mendel Beilis is as assemilated jew who was accused of shooting a christian boy. Blood libel is if a boy went missing around Easter/passover the jews killed the boy and his blood was used to make universal bread. Jews were charged w/ blood life and it started pograms.

Who are the trawniki men?

Workers of camps. guys, poles, gentiles, Latvians, are slavic. wore blue suits. Germans offered them a job and germans have total power over the trawniki men.the men didn’t know the job description. People have anxiety so they take the job, camp guard is a job offered. Work in the camp, about 100 workers.

What’s an coveyor belt?

Jews lining up and being interviewed if they owned land or possed land. acted like a conveyor belt they had to follow the line of orders.

what is the spanish american war?

1898 Spain vs America are battling

6 years after Russian famine

had unrealistic results. America go Cuba, Guam, and the Philippines. America get an empire.

What is Reinhold Niebuhr? What’s multilateralism?

He says if you have power you must use it. No ones will power is capable of always being selfish. Groups of people always seek their own interest and of more people support it you are more likely to be selfish. Multilateralism is when many people call you out when you are full of shit and help you with big projects. Helps countries be less selfish.

what is the pottery barn rule and nation building?

you break it, you buy it. can’t intervene sovereighy affairs your responsible for it, If you intervene you're responsible for the consequences

What does it mean to assimilate?

to convert to the majority religious/ culture to fit in. Adopting to the norms and beliefs of a group. to be Mainstream and maintain Jewishness. to be somewhere rich to be assimilated. Need to be Exceptionally educated

don't live in shetl, lives by gentiles, from urban area

you need to speak polish

Related need to be somewhat assimilated to change your name or get papers

Woman can have lighter blonde hair to pass

woman woman are more likely to pass as assimilated.

To identify if someone is a Jew you can ask them questions about their culture and language and based on their outfit.

What's the Holocaust?

in the nineteen thirties zionistic Jews want to move back to israel/Palestine due to the growing threat of Hitler. They you want to go here because you can't get a visa to anywhere else and israel/palenstine is easy to sneak in plus it's the promised land. In 1933 Hitler comes to power in Germany. Holocaust starts in july of 1941 as a campaign of ethnic cleansing It bumbles into genocide. The real killings happened in 1941. Jews are not in Germany so Hitler must go where the Jews are Eastern Europe for opportunity. Lasted 14-15 years. 6 million jews and non jews died, it was a zero sum game of survival

What's the Jewish question?

Uninitial answer was ethnic cleansing, later shifted to Genocide. Hitler thinks Jews are an existential threat. (Threat to your existence or way of life)

What are the identifying factors of Jews?

1900 years living linguistically, Culturally, And spatially.

They speak Yiddish

ghettos/shtetls apart

Dress differently

If they do speak a language, accented

lack of knowledge about christianity

Men were circumcized

what tells us that anti semitism is going down?

The Dreyfus affair. Dreyfus gets tried for espionage(sabotaging your own country) he's punished for france losing the germany war. He sent to devil’s Island. Gentiles in France come to his aid and they put Dreyfus back on trial. He was Clear from criminal charges.

What's emancipated?

released from the ghettos.

What's the death trains? what is the Psychology of denial?

2,000 per train in the morning and evening arrival, phased liquidation happened, Shipments of them came in phases. The psychology of denial is choicless choices, lying to yourself (hoping the rumors aren’t true) people accepted how it was going to be and it was hard to escape so this made the holocaust efficient.

Who is Jan karski?

everyone Liked him he escaped Nazis when they came, Britain he goes to Great Britain he uses a parachute and sneaks into Auschwitz he poses as a Polish prisoner he sees what's going on and travels back to Great Britain and he travels to America. America refused to bomb auschwitz rail lines or crematoria.

psychological profile of a rescuer?

a moral parental mode of contact (I did that because my mom did that)

Sense of marginalization (they have empathy on their experience since they are pushed and treated as unimportant

whats blitzkreig?

the fast german envision of eastern europe. Hitler surprises himself on how fast the process is. He gains hubris (pride) and euphoria (happiness) by how fast the takedown of Europe is.

process of einsatzgruppen?

Roundup Jews

Rob them’

March to murder sites

Why did mobile killing units move to death camps?

Too public

To many witnesss

Emotional collapse for perpetrators, they has mental break downs because they knew what they were doing was wrong. Heinrich Himmler helped hitler and he goes to eastern front and watches a mobile killing unit, he screams and faints. Death camps are more private.

They had Music and alcohol to make this like a Party and a positive experience but Perpetrators still have emotional collapse.

What’s operation reinhard?

Original of the 4 death camps. The camp is destroyed to hide evidence. Happens in december/janurary, 2 million jews sent to this camp. 90 survive. 800,000 in the first year die. 960,000 die in total. 90% death rate for Jewish kids. Those who survive have to work and are called sonder commanders. Job options dentists, pulling out good teeth from dead people, and run gas chambers. Jews are mugged before death. They are told they are taking a shower but it’s a gas chamber. Costed 1,000 to build. Were destroyed to hide evidence.

110

how many death camps were there?

6

Why is holocaust efficient, how can so few murder many?

The psychology of denial is choicless choices, lying to yourself (hoping the rumors aren’t true) people accepted how it was going to be and it was hard to escape so this made the holocaust efficient. The people couldn't escape the trains or ghettos it was too dangerous they could be killed. The camps were designed to have barb wire all around and gates. Speed, terror, and surprise allowed for the jews to just follow orders. Parents cooperated because they didn't want to get separated from their children, so they acted calm for the children’s sake. Jews wanted to grove it was a transit camp .

What is a concentration camp?

110 Unhealthy places, prisoners only : Gentiles and petty criminals. very young, very old, sick usually do not survive. but you can serve your sentence and get out

What’s enlightenment?

Jews free from ghettos, initially  Western Europe and then Eastern Europe. Can now assimilate while maintain their Jewishness.