African trypanosomes

Disease caused by Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodiense

African sleeping sickness

Species found in East Africa

Trypanosoma rhodiense

Species found in West Africa

Trypanosoma gambiense

Time to death with Trypanosoma rhodiense

1 year

Time to death with Trypanosoma gambiense

3 years

Vector of African trypanosomes

Tsetse fly

Genus of the tsetse fly

Glossina

Vector of Trypanosoma gambiense

Glossina palpalis

Vector of Trypanosoma rhodiense

Glossina morsitans

Scientist who recognized the tsetse fly as the vector

David Bruce

Mother to baby route of African trypanosomes

Congenital

Medical route of African trypanosomes

Blood transfusion

Length of the incubation stage

1 to 3 weeks

Sore at the bite site

Chancre

Early symptom with enlarged lymph nodes

Lymphadenopathy

Early symptom with an enlarged spleen

Splenomegaly

Timing of the acute stage

First year

Acute stage parasite locations

Blood, lymph, bone marrow, spleen

Behavior change in the acute stage

Hyper-reactivity

Sign of enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Winterbottoms sign

Timing of the chronic stage

Second year

System involved in the chronic stage

CNS

Fluid of the CNS that holds parasites

Spinal fluid

Immune cell that gathers around CNS capillaries

Lymphocytes

Support cell that gathers around CNS capillaries

Glial cells

Buildup around CNS capillaries

Perivascular cuffing

Late symptoms of the chronic stage

Confusion, lassitude, coma

Usual cause of death in African sleeping sickness

Pneumonia

Samples examined for diagnosis

Blood, lymph, bone marrow, spinal fluid

Bite site finding used for early diagnosis

Chancre

Time of day tsetse flies bite

Day

Clothing color that helps prevent bites

Light colored

Chemical used on skin to prevent bites

Repellents

Main prevention method for African sleeping sickness

Kill vector