UCDAVIS ANS 001 Hovey Final

When mice open their eyes for the first time

16 days

Aves

Chicken Class

Galliformes

Chicken Order

Phasianidae

Chicken Family

Gallus

Chicken Genus

G. Gallus

Chicken Species

G. Meleagris

Turkey Genus

Gallopava

Turkey Species

First step in chickens' internal digestion, contains ____ milk, which can be secreted to chicks.

Crop

2nd Step in the digestive system, acidic and contains enzymes.

Proventriculus

3rd step in the digestive process, mechanical digestion (grit, gravel, shell)

Gizzard

4th step in the digestive process

Small Intestine (duodenum only)

Duck population USA

28 million ducks

Main location of poultry production

Midwest, Southeast

Species which chickens were domesticated from

Red Jungle Foul (Asia 1500 BC)

When and where Turkeys were domesticated

200 BC North America

Prop 2

Laying hens need to be able to flap their wings

Prop 12 for chicken and pigs

Cage free laying hens! no gestation crates for pigs

Coprophagia

When animals eat their fecal matter to digest more nutrients

Molt

Regenerates reproductive track, higher quality eggs, lower egg production

Female chicken before puberty

Pullet

Hen (they do not have estrous cycles, repeated ovulation)

Mature Layer

Unit to measure egg quality (AA, A, B) based on the thick part of the egg white

Haugh Unit

Used to measure inside contents of an egg

Candle

When the hen stops laying and loses feathers

Molting (once done by starving birds to induce stress, now controlled through specific nutrients)

unsexed batch of chicks

straight run

Castrated Male <4months

Capon

Hen wants to sit on eggs to hatch them

Broody

Chicken Male >1 year

Rooster / Cock

Male Chicken < 1 year of age

cockerel

7th step in the digestive process, urinary tract-digestion-repro

Cloaca

Young Chicken

chick

vent

Final step in the digestive process of chicken

cecum

5th step in digestion, microbial digestion

G. Carina

Duck Genus

Turkey population USA

238 million turkeys

Maschata

Duck Species

Poultry population World Wide

19 billion poultry

Point of lay

4-5 months of age

Side of repro tract developed in chickens (left or right)

Left

immunoglobin

proteins in the blood coded by genes (antibodies)

FSH, LH, Myosin, Actin

Proteins coded by genes

infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina

eggs laying order of travel (3 hours 30cm to magnum, most time in shell gland)

Egg laying interval

23 hours

Time after egg laid to induce ovulation

30 mins

Protoforin

brown egg pigment

biliverdin

Blue egg pigment (mutated from a virus 5000 years ago)

what exchange do eggs allow

gas exchange (porous)

incubation interval chicken

21 days (100 degrees F)

incubation interval turkeys

28 days (99degrees F)

Cloaca

cite of poultry insemination

Chicken Body temp

106-107 (sperm survives in chicken for 10 days)

Clutch size

10 eggs

Part of anatomy used to sex chickens

vent sexing (male chickens euthanized)

broilers

5 lbs retail harvest weight

Chicken feed conversion ratio

1.5-2

Dress% formula

carcass weight/live weight

Chicken Dressing%

78%

Turkey Dressing%

83%

Chicken housing temp

72 degrees F

Purpose of ventilation in chicken housin

Release ammonia gas

1sq ft per chicken

space per chicken

Bedding for chicken

shavings, rice hulls, wood chips

Age when chickens begin laying

16 weeks

Peak egg laying age

29 weeks

Photoperiod for chickens

proportional to eggs laid

rodentia

Mouse Order

Muridae

Mouse Family

Mouse Subfamily

Murinae

Mouse Genus

Mus

M. Musculus

Mouse Species

Mouse chromosomes

40 ch

mouse tooth formula

1/1,0/0,0/0,3/3

average tooth growth of mice

2mm/week

Mouse and Rat diet

Omnivore

Mouse/Rat digestive system

Monogastric Stomach

Nude Mouse

Athymic (no immune response)

most common mouse breed

most commonHouse mouse

Why are mice inbred for research?

Consistent genes for testing

Mouse, Rat, and Rabbit repro cycle

polyestruous

Mouse breeding type

Harem (one male, many females)

Mouse puberty

5-6 weeks

seminal/coital plug

How to tell if a mouse has been bred

21 days

Mouse weaning age

Avg. # of mouse offspring

6-16+

Do mice, rats, or rabbits have lactational anestruos?

no

Brown adipose tissue

masses of specialized fat cells packed with pigmented mitochondria that produce heat for baby mice

Rodentia

Rat order

Muridae

Rat Family

Murinae

Rat Subfamily

Rattus

Rat Genus

R. Norvegicus

Brown Rat Species

R. Rattus

Black Rat Species

42 ch

Rat chromosomes

Knockout Mouse

a gene has been intentionally deleted

knockout mice can become models for human disease

CRISPR

cuts out, adds in, modifies genes

Lagomorpha

Rabbit Order

Rabbit Family

Leporidae

Oryctolagus

Rabbit Genus

O. Cuniculus

Rabbit Species