MOOC Zero-Energy Design

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on energy consumption and its implications.

What is the trend in global energy consumption over the past 45 years?

Energy consumption has tripled worldwide.

Which countries have seen significant increases in energy consumption?

China, India, and Brazil.

What caused a slight decrease in total energy consumption in 2009?

The economic crisis.

What are the predominant sources of current energy consumption?

Fossil fuels: oil, natural gas, and coal.

'Security of supply' relates to what concept?

The assurance regarding the availability of sufficient energy sources.

What percentage of global energy demand is currently met by fossil energy sources?

Over 80%.

What are the main greenhouse gases emitted from energy consumption?

Carbon dioxide, Methane and Nitrogen oxide

What does the Paris Climate Agreement aim to limit global temperature rise to?

well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, ideally not exceeding 1.5°C.

What is the primary SI unit for measuring energy?

Joule (J).

How is power defined in terms of energy and time?

Power = Energy / Time.

What is the conversion of kWh to MJ?

1 kWh = 3.6 MJ.

Define primary energy.

Resources derived directly from nature, including fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewables.

What is the expected dependency on oil imports by the EU by around 2030?

Predicted reliance on OPEC and Russia for 95% of oil imports.

What is the energy content of 1 m³ of natural gas?

35.2 MJ.

Calculate the primary energy use from 3,000 kWh of electricity.

24 GJ.

What are the expected consequences of a 1-2°C rise in global temperature?

Flooding, extreme weather patterns, and changes in river discharge.

What is the necessary peak fossil fuel use target by 2050 according to the IAE scenarios?

Approach zero in alignment with the Paris Climate Agreement.

What is the efficiency rate of a gas turbine in power generation?

Approximately 40% efficient.

What is the efficiency rate of a combined cycle gas turbine?

Up to 60% efficiency.

What is the theoretical efficiency limit of a wind turbine?

Up to 59% efficiency.