COPY Concept 2: movement quiz

Synarthrosis

immovable (non-moving) joints

Amphiarthrosis

slightly-moving joints

Diarthrosis

freely moving joints

Gliding

When one flat bone surface glides or slips over another

(back and forth or side to side)

Flexion/extension

Bending in a way that decreases the angle of the joint so the articulating bones get closer.

Extension: reverse of flexion

Hyperextension

going beyond the anatomical position

Rotation

turning of the bone around its own long axis

Supination/ Pronation

Turn/Twist forward

Pronation: Turn/twist backward

Abduction/ Adduction

"moving away" moving a limb away from the median plane, along the frontal plane

Adduction: "moving forward" opposite of abduction

Opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips

Circumduction

moving limb in a circle

elevation/depression

lifting then lowering a body part superiorly

Protraction/ Refraction

sticking the jaw out (to make an underbite) and back in

Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion

Lifting foot up and down at the ankle

inversion/eversion

turning the foot towards the midline of the body vs turning away from the midline of the body

On what two factors are functional classifications of joints based?

based on what they do and how much movement they allow

What is the relationship between joint movement and stability?

the less movable the joint is the more stable it is

Give one example of each type of functional joint

Synarthrosis: skull sutures

Amp.: pubic symphsis

Dia.: knee joints

What are the three structural classifications of joints?

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and synovial joints

What determines a joint's structural classification?

based on what bones bind together and whether a cavity is present

What are fibrous joints connected by?

Collagen fibers of dense connective tissue

Name the three types of fibrous joints and give an example of each.

Sutures (skull)

Syndesmoses (tibia and fibula)

Gomphoses (teeth in sockets)

What are cartilaginous joints connected by?

cartilage

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints and their examples?

Synochondroses (sternum and first rib)

Symphsis (intervertebral discs)

What do synovial joints have that the others do not?

A fluid-filled joint cavity

What type of movement do all synovial joints allow?

freely movable (all are diathroses)

List the six special features of a synovial joint.

Articular cartilage

joint cavity

articualr capsule

synovial fluid

ligaments

nerve fibers

blood vessels

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction

What does articular cartilage do?

covers and protects bone surfaces

What causes body movement at a joint?

muscles contract across joints

What are the two main types of muscle contractions and what is the difference?

Isotonic: muscle length changes

Isometric: muscle length stays the same

Define origin and insertion in a muscl

Origin: fixed bone

Insertion: movable bone

Give an example of a muscle contraction in the lower appendage joint, naming the bones of origin and insertion.

knee extension:

quadriceps contract, pulling tibia (insertion) toward femur (origin)

Explain why bones couldn't move without joints.

they cant move without joints because they're rigid

joints allow movement by connecting bones

How can joints be classified structurally and functionally?

structurally: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

functionally: synthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Classify the following joints structurally and functionally (name the articulating bones too):

a. The knee

b. The skull sutures

c. The first rib and sternum

d. The shoulder

a.) synovial, diarthrosis (femur and tibia)

b.) Fibrous, Synarthrosis (cranial bones)

c.) Cartilaginous, Synchondrosis (sternum and rib)

d.) synovial, diarthrosis (humerus and scapula)