Unit Two Exam Study Guide - Integumentary and Skeletal Systems

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering key facts, concepts, and terminology from the Integumentary and Skeletal system lecture notes.

Skin accounts for __________ of total body weight.

$$15\%$$

Keratinocytes arise from the deepest layer of the epidermis known as the stratum __________.

basale

Epidermal cell replacement occurs continually, producing a new epidermis every __________ days.

$25$ to $45$

Dendritic cells of the epidermis are also known as __________ cells.

Langerhans

Tactile epithelial cells associated with sensory nerve endings at the epidermal-dermal junction are also known as __________ cells.

Merkel

The layer of the epidermis that is only visible in thick skin is the stratum __________.

lucidum

The stratum corneum sloughs off approximately __________ dead cells per minute.

$$50{,}000$$

The deeper layer accounting for $80\%$ of dermal thickness is the __________ layer.

reticular

An acute trauma resulting from fluid accumulation between the epidermal and dermal layers forms a __________.

blister

The yellow-orange skin pigment stored in body tissues is __________.

carotene

A bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes caused by decreased oxygenation is called __________.

cyanosis

A yellowish skin tone resulting from increased bilirubin due to decreased liver function is called __________.

jaundice

The autoimmune destruction of melanocytes leading to patchy skin depigmentation is called __________.

vitiligo

Grey hair is caused by __________ in the hair shaft instead of melanin.

air bubbles

Ceruminous glands are modified apocrine glands located in the __________ canal.

external ear

Sebaceous glands accumulate lipids until they rupture, functioning as __________ glands.

holocrine

Overactive sebaceous gland functioning in infants is commonly known as __________.

cradle cap

Basal cell carcinoma is the least malignant skin cancer type and accounts for __________ of cases.

$$80\%$$

The leading cause of death following severe burns is ensuing infection and __________.

sepsis

Cartilage growth where perichondral chondroblasts lay new matrix against the outside edge is called __________ growth.

appositional

Cartilage growth where lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and make new matrix in the interior is called __________ growth.

interstitial

Blood cell formation occurring in the red bone marrow is called __________.

hematopoiesis

The structural unit of compact bone is the __________ or Haversian system.

osteon

Canals running at right angles to central canals that connect blood supply from the periosteum are called __________ canals.

Volkmann's

Osteoblasts secrete the unmineralized organic bone matrix known as __________.

osteoid

Inorganic matrix components account for less than __________ of bone mass and consist mostly of hydroxyapatites.

$$65\%$$

All bones below the base of the skull, except the __________, form via endochondral ossification.

clavicles

Epiphyseal plate closure occurs at age __________ in females and age $21$ in males.

$$18$$

Giant osteoclasts resorb bone by secreting lysosomal enzymes and __________ acid along their ruffled border.

hydrochloric

The observation that bone grows or remodels in response to mechanical demands placed on it is known as __________ Law.

Wolff's

Inadequate calcium or vitamin D leading to soft, poorly mineralized bones in children is called __________.

rickets

The bone condition characterized as pre-osteoporosis is called __________.

osteopenia

The __________ bone is unique because it does not articulate directly with any other bone.

hyoid