Lean Production innovation – in manufacturing systems

pioneer (v), /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ → To develop or be among the first to use something new. Example: The company pioneered a new approach to car manufacturing.

tiên phong

upheaval (n, C/U), /ʌpˈhiːvl/ → A major change that causes disruption or difficulty. Example: The introduction of new technology caused considerable upheaval in the industry.

sự xáo trộn

embrace (v), /ɪmˈbreɪs/ → To accept or adopt something willingly. Example: Many manufacturers are embracing automation to improve efficiency.

đón nhận; áp dụng

exotic (adj), /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ → Unusual or interesting because it comes from a different place or is uncommon. Example: The company specialises in producing exotic sports cars.

khác thường

semi-skilled (adj), /ˌsemi ˈskɪld/ → Having some training or skills but not requiring extensive expertise. Example: The factory employs both skilled engineers and semi-skilled workers.

có tay nghề ở mức trung bình

churn out (phr v), /ˌtʃɜːn ˈaʊt/ → To produce something in large quantities, often quickly and repeatedly. Example: The factory churns out thousands of identical components every day.

sản xuất hàng loạt với số lượng lớn

standardised (adj), /ˈstændədaɪzd/ → Made according to the same specifications or standards. Example: Standardised products are usually easier to manufacture on a large scale.

được tiêu chuẩn hóa

intolerant (adj), /ɪnˈtɒlərənt/ → Unable to accept or cope well with something. Example: The machinery is intolerant of disruption, so even a short delay can affect production.

không chịu được

disruption (n, C/U), /dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ → An event or problem that interrupts the normal progress of something. Example: A shortage of raw materials caused disruption to the production process.

sự gián đoạn

rigidity (n, U), /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/ → The quality of being unable or unwilling to change. Example: The rigidity of traditional systems makes it difficult to respond to changing demand.

tính cứng nhắc

defect (n, C), /ˈdiːfekt/ → A fault or imperfection in a product. Example: The new inspection system has reduced the number of defects.

lỗi; khiếm khuyết

compromise (v; n, C/U), /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/ → To accept lower standards or weaken something in order to reach an agreement or achieve another goal. Example: Manufacturers should not compromise quality to reduce costs.

thỏa hiệp; làm tổn hại

intermediate (adj), /ˌɪntəˈmiːdiət/ → Coming between two stages or levels. Example: The company established several intermediate objectives before reaching its final target.

trung gian

fluctuation (n, C), /ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn/ → A change in the level, amount or value of something. Example: Seasonal fluctuations in demand can affect production schedules.

sự biến động

subsequent (adj), /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ → Happening or coming after something else. Example: Each production stage must supply quality components to the subsequent stage.

tiếp theo; sau đó

superfluous (adj), /suːˈpɜːfluəs/ → More than is needed or necessary. Example: Just-in-time production aims to eliminate superfluous inventory.

dư thừa

withdraw (v), /wɪðˈdrɔː/ → To remove or take something away from a place or supply. Example: Workers withdraw the components they need from the preceding production stage.

lấy ra

requisite (adj), /ˈrekwɪzɪt/ → Necessary for a particular purpose. Example: The system supplies the requisite number of parts for each production stage.

cần thiết

abnormality (n, C), /ˌæbnɔːˈmæləti/ → Something that is different from what is normal or expected. Example: Sensors detect abnormalities in the machinery before serious faults occur.

sự bất thường

uninterrupted (adj), /ˌʌnɪntəˈrʌptɪd/ → Continuing without being stopped or interrupted. Example: The factory requires an uninterrupted supply of components.

liên tục

coexist (v), /ˌkəʊɪɡˈzɪst/ → To exist or operate together at the same time. Example: Efficient production must coexist with strict quality control.

cùng tồn tại

manual (adj), /ˈmænjuəl/ → Done by hand rather than automatically. Example: Some production lines still rely on manual inspection.

thủ công

superimpose sth on sth, /ˌsuːpərɪmˈpəʊz ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɒn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ → To place or introduce one system or idea over an existing one. Example: It can be difficult to superimpose a new management system on an established organisation.

áp đặt/chồng một thứ lên thứ sẵn có

at the expense of sth, /æt ði ɪkˈspens əv/ → In a way that sacrifices or harms something else. Example: Mass production can reduce costs, but sometimes at the expense of product variety.

phải đánh đổi bằng; gây tổn hại đến

towards this end, /təˈwɔːdz ðɪs end/ → For the purpose of achieving a particular goal. Example:

in high volumes, /ɪn haɪ ˈvɒljuːmz/ → In large quantities. Example: Standardised components can be manufactured in high volumes.

với số lượng lớn

be so called because …, /bi səʊ kɔːld bɪˈkɒz/ → To have a particular name because of a specific reason. Example: The process is so called because it reduces waste at every stage.

được gọi như vậy bởi vì …

in turn, /ɪn ˈtɜːn/ → As a result of something, or one after another in a sequence. Example: Each department supplies the next department, which in turn supplies the following one.

lần lượt

be fitted with sth, /bi ˈfɪtɪd wɪð/ → To have a particular piece of equipment installed. Example: The machines were fitted with sensors to detect faults.

được trang bị

spot (v), /spɒt/ → To notice or discover someone or something. Example: Researchers spotted a small error in the data.

phát hiện

be suspended (phrase), /bi səˈspendɪd/ → To be temporarily stopped or prevented from continuing. Example: The project was suspended due to a lack of funding.

bị tạm ngừng

be halted (phrase), /bi ˈhɔːltɪd/ → To be stopped, often suddenly or completely. Example: Construction was halted because of safety concerns.

bị dừng lại