ap world history unit 1 (600-1450)

The Silk Roads built upon earlier trading connections between Eurasian civilizations and

pastoral peoples.

The trade conducted along the Silk Roads was largely a "relay trade" because

goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route.

Between 500 and 1500, the civilizations of Mesoamerica and the Andes

seem to have had little direct contact with each other.

How did the sudden rise of Islam in the seventh century affect Indian Ocean commerce?

Muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from East Africa to the south China coast.

The states that emerged in West Africa between 500 and 1600 shared which of the following characteristics?

A reputation in the wider world for great riches

Indian cultural influence in Southeast Asia

was a matter of voluntary adoption and adaptation of Indian ideas by independent societies.

How did the Silk Road trade affect peasants in China?

Peasants focused more on producing luxury goods.

The spread of the Black Death from China to Europe in the fourteenth century occurred during an era of increased contact facilitated by

Mongol rule.

Which of the following technological innovations facilitated Indian Ocean commerce?

Junks

What development between the sixth and eleventh centuries increased and expanded trade in the Indian Ocean basin?

The encouragement of maritime trade by an effective and unified Chinese state

The political structure of Swahili civilization was similar to the

competitive and independent city-states of ancient Greece.

Which of the following is an example of the "Indianization" of Southeast Asia?

The architectural expression of Hinduism at Angkor Wat

Which of the following characterizes the networks of exchange in the Americas?

Networks were local, with the most active links within rather than between regions.

Which of the following was a consequence of the exchange of diseases along the Silk Roads?

Europeans developed some degree of immunity to Eurasian diseases.

Which statement characterizes the networks and webs of exchange that connected different parts of the world from 500 to 1500?

Interaction among the major civilizations operated on a relatively equal basis.

In contrast to the Silk Roads, the Sea Roads of the Indian Ocean

carried more products for a mass market.

How did Buddhism change as it spread along the Silk Roads?

The gods of many peoples along the Silk Roads were incorporated as bodhisattvas.

Trade along the Silk Roads was facilitated by

large and powerful states that provided security for merchants and travelers.

Swahili civilization was most heavily influenced by which of the following cultures?

Bantu

Which of the following was a major development in Chinese society that took shape in the centuries following the collapse of the Han dynasty?

Northern nomads conquered some portions of China.

Chinese interaction with the northern nomads during the Tang dynasty resulted in

the evolution of a mixed Chinese/Turkic culture in northern China.

In their relations with China, Korea and Japan both

sent people to China to study Chinese thought and culture.

Which of the following statements best describes Korea's relationship with China in the premodern period?

Korea adopted many elements of Chinese culture while still retaining a distinctive culture and separate political existence.

Which of the following was a factor in the growth of Buddhism in China after 300 C.E.?

Increased disorder following the collapse of the Han dynasty, which discredited Confucianism

Which of the following was a political contribution of the Tang and Song dynasties?

The construction of a state structure that lasted until the twentieth century

How was the tribute system an expression of the Chinese view of themselves and their relationship to the world?

The tribute system required non-Chinese to acknowledge Chinese superiority and their own subordinate place in a Chinese-centered world order.

The emergence of which practice during the Song dynasty suggests that Chinese women's lives were more restricted than they had been in the Tang dynasty?

Foot binding

What did Korea, Japan, and Vietnam all develop that reflected their unique culture?

Their own writing systems

In what respect was Japan's borrowing of Chinese culture different from the experiences of Korea and Vietnam?

Japan's borrowing was wholly voluntary rather than occurring under conditions of direct military threat or outright occupation.

Which of the following is an example of how Chinese inventions stimulated innovations in distant lands?

The Chinese formula for gunpowder triggered the development of cannons in Europe.

Which of the following contributed to the doubling of the Chinese population during the Tang and Song dynasties?

The adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from Vietnam

The invention of printing in China was linked with which religion?

Buddhism

Which of the following shows the effect of the Indian Ocean trade on China?

The transformation of southern China from a subsistence economy to an export-oriented economy

The emergence of the samurai reflected Japan's

decentralized political structure.

Which religion provided an element of cultural commonality for the East Asian region?

Buddhism

Which of the following is an example of how Indian Buddhism was modified after its introduction into China?

The Buddhist notion of "morality" was translated with the Confucian term for "filial submission and obedience."

How did the changed environment in China in the ninth century affect Buddhism?

Buddhist monasteries came under state control as a xenophobic reaction set in.

Which of the following is a reason that the Tang and Song dynasties are regarded as a "golden age" in China?

The setting of standards of excellence in art and literature

Those who participated in the Chinese tribute system gained

the opportunity to trade in China.

Which of the following explains why women's lives were more restricted in the Song dynasty than in the Tang dynasty?

The revival of Confucianism

Which of the following statements about the Chinese tribute system is true?

The Chinese government often gave other states gifts that were in fact worth more than the tribute that those states paid to China.

Which of the following describes Korea's relationship with China?

Its capital city of Kumsong was modeled directly on the Chinese capital of Chang'an.

Which of the following contributed to China's economic revolution during the Tang and Song dynasties?

A complex network of internal waterways that provided cheap transportation

What do the Xiongnu, the Uighurs, the Khitan, and the Jurchen have in common?

All four required China to send them valuable goods in return for not attacking.

Which of the following was a feature of Islam that attracted converts in India?

The Muslim notion of equality of all believers

In which region was conversion to Islam motivated by a desire to expand trading networks rather than from the result of conquest and Islamic rule?

West Africa

Which of the following was a result of the cross-regional ties created in the expanding Islamic world?

The exchange of agricultural products and practices from one region to another

Which of the following refers to the pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims should try to make at least once in their lifetime?

Hajj

Why was the city of Mecca important?

It was the site of the Kaaba where pilgrims congregated.

Which of the following is a requirement for all Muslims?

Almsgiving

Which of the following events marked the beginning of the new Islamic calendar?

Muhammad's emigration to Yathrib/Medina

Which of the following contributed to the mass conversion of people living in the Middle East to Islam by the eighth century?

Conversion to Islam offered many financial and social benefits.

Which of the following describes the effect of Islam on West Africa?

Islam had the greatest influence on rulers and urban elites.

Which of the following resulted from Muslim rule in Spain?

The secular aspects of Islamic learning influenced the shaping of new European civilization.

Which of the following is true of pre-Islamic Arabia?

Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians lived among the established Arab populations.

Which of the following is an example of a role assumed by the ulama?

Judges

Which of the following was a goal of the education offered at the madrassas?

To preserve an established body of Islamic learning

In contrast to the spread of Buddhism and Christianity, the early spread of Islam

gave rise to a large empire.

What initiated the division within Islam between the Sunnis and Shias?

Disagreement over who should assume leadership in the Islamic world

Which of the following contributed to the rapid expansion of the Islamic/Arab Empire in the century following the death of Muhammad?

The weakened condition of the Byzantine and Persian empires

Which of the following religious traditions blended elements of Hinduism and Islam?

Sikhism

Which of the following statements expresses a view of women found in the Quran?

Women were spiritually equal to men.

Which of the following refers to the sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad?

The hadiths

In contrast to the Umayyad dynasty, the caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty

allowed non-Arabs to play a prominent role in society.

Islam had roots in which set of religious or philosophical traditions?

Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of Sufism?

Renunciation of the material world in the pursuit of spiritual union with Allah

Which of the following aspects of Arab tribal life was reinforced in the Quran?

Solidarity

Which of the following was a force that helped bind the Islamic world together?

The system of Islamic education created by the ulama

Membership in the Islamic community known as the umma was based on a common

faith.

Which of the following describes the role pastoral societies played in world history before the Mongol Empire?

They created a series of nomadic empires and controlled major trade routes.

Which of the following was a way in which the Mongols contributed to the globalization of the Eurasian world?

In providing a secure environment for traders, they facilitated long-distance international commerce.

Which region gained the most from the exchanges of ideas and technologies facilitated by the Mongol Empire

Europe

Refer to Map 11.1 in the textbook. Which country was not conquered by the Mongols despite repeated invasions?

Japan

Which of the following contributed to Temujin's rise to power and recognition as Chinggis Khan of the Great Mongol Nation?

The incorporation of warriors from defeated tribes into his own forces

Which of the following is an example of the Mongol rulers' policy toward people in the conquered territories?

Chinese and Muslim officials were allowed to hold advisory positions in government.

What aspects of Chinese civilization did Mongol rulers in the Yuan dynasty adopt?

The use of traditional Confucian rituals

What role did Mongol women play in the administration of the Mongol empire?

They advised on government policies and court decisions.

What happened to the Mongols in Persia in the fourteenth century?

The Mongols assimilated into Persian society.

Why was promoting international commerce important to the Mongols?

They wanted to extract wealth from civilizations by taxing trade.

Which of the following is an example of the types of exchanges facilitated by Mongol rule over much of Eurasia?

The sharing of intelligence information between Persia and China

Why did pastoral societies emerge only in the Afro-Eurasian world and not in the Americas?

There was a lack of large animals that could be domesticated in the Americas.

Which of the following was a feature of Mongol rule?

Tolerance of all religions

Which of the following is a reason Western Europe was not conquered by the Mongols?

Western Europe lacked adequate pasture for Mongol herds.

Which of the following is an example of the ideas and techniques exchanged within the Eurasian network facilitated by Mongol rule?

The transmission of the Chinese practice of acupuncture to the Middle East

The Mongol Empire played a significant role in world history because it

brought together the nomadic peoples of inner Eurasia and the agricultural civilizations of outer Eurasia.

In what way were Europeans in the sixteenth century similar to Mongols in the thirteenth century?

Both were on the periphery of the major established civilizations.

As a corrective to past views of pastoral peoples, recent interpretations of their role in world history have drawn attention to their

development of cultures centered on horses, camels, or cattle.

Which of the following describes pastoral societies' relationship with agricultural societies?

Pastoral societies sought food stuffs, manufactured goods, and luxury items from agricultural societies.

In comparison to the Mongol conquests of Persia and China, Mongol rule in Russia

was not accompanied by Mongol occupation.

Which of the following was a long-term effect of the Black Death on European society?

The weakening of serfdom

Which of the following was an obstacle to the creation of large empires among pastoralists?

Internal rivalry between clans

Like the Arabs and the Persians, the Turks between the tenth and fourteenth centuries

converted to Islam and introduced the religion to the areas they conquered.

Which of the following facilitated the creation of the Mongol Empire?

The territories the Mongols invaded were experiencing internal divisions.

what was the process of state-building in china, Japan, Abbasids, and mongols

China- emperor was a figurehead, confucianism, bueracracy; Japan: feudalism, daimyos had real power, emperor figurehead, samaurais; Abbasids: Islam united regions, trade was big, learning and knowledge flourished; Mongols: tolerated most religions, united regions, boosted trade, used fear to control

causes and effects of the rise of islamic states

trade spread islam, knowledge was gained, west africa hub of learning, tolerant of other religions for the most part, common language (arabic)

effects of the growth of transaharan trade

west Africa got crazyyyy rich, Islam and learning spread there, salt and gold big items, mansa musa became richest man ever but caused inflation in egypt, house of wisdom

effects of intellectual innovations in dar-al islam

developed a lot of medicines, algebra, arabic numbers, inspired the renaissance in europe, libraries (west Africa gained huge amts of knowledge and Islamic intelligence incl. house of wisdom)

effects of the growth of indian ocean trade

islam spread, exclaves spread diff cultures, port cities grew, pirates, chinese junks allowed for more maritime travel, europeans discovered America because they were trying to cut Islamic Arabian peninsula out of their search for indian goods, spread more nonluxury goods bc ships could transport more essentials

effects of the growth of silk road trade

chinese economy grew like crazyyyy, luxury goods, disease spread esp thanks to Mongols, chinese technology (printing), Buddhism and Islam spread ofc, taxing trade made Mongols rich, cities along road became rich af

explain changes brought about by the mongols

increased trade, spread disease, ruined persia’s economy, boosted status of merchants, made trade safer, unified Church in Russia, religious tolerance, created Yuan dynasty in China, postal system (yam system)