seminar 2- gluteal region, posterior thigh & leg

label anterior femur

1. femoral head

2. femoral neck

3. lesser trochanter

4. medial epicondyle

5. medial condyle

6. lateral condyle

7. lateral epicondyle

8. intertrochanteric line

9. greater trochanter

what condyles are in the joint capsule

epis aren’t. normal ones are

posterior femur labelling

1. intertrochanteric crest

2. linea aspera

3. lateral supracondylar ridge

4. medial supracondylar ridge

what movements does the knee do

flexion & extension, and a little rotation

muscles of anterior thigh

• vastus medialis

• vastus lateralis

• vastus intermedialis

• rectus femoris

• sagitorus

• illius

• psoas

what doe the vastus muscles form

1 tendon that the patella sits inside

which condyle’s bigger & why

lateral’s larger than medial to prevent the patella from drifting to prevent the patella from drifting to the lateral side

what gender’s in more danger of a shifty patella and why

women. larger pelvis, femur’s at a bigger angle. patella’s more likely to drift to the lateral condyle.

how is the knee stabilised

by collateral ligaments

which collateral ligament’s thicker & why

medial, as you’re likely to suffer injury from the lateral side, pushing the knee towards the medial ligament and making it stretch.

what movement do collateral ligaments prevent

adduction & abduction

problem w bones in knee joint

tibia’s flat (tibial plateau). condyles of femur are round. not matching

what’s there to better the joint

menisci, lying around the edge of the tibia to add more shape to the tibia. C-shaped.

Label tibia (above) & femur (below)

• tibia tuberosity

• Lateral meniscus

• articular surface of lateral condyle

• meniscofemoral ligament

• articular surface of medial condyle

• medial meniscus

how’s rotation of the knee allowed

the medial’s attached to the medial ligament, so it moves less. lateral’s, like, not. so it can move a little

LABEL

1. medial condyle

2. lateral condyle

3. intercondylar notch

4. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

5. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

6. intercondylar ridge

How’s ACL positioned

anterior on the tibia, anterior on femur

What’s the ACL prevent

tibia from moving anterior & femur posteriorly

Where’s the PCL positioned

posterior on the tibia and femur

the pcl prevent

femur form moving posteriorly and femur anteriorly

How does the knee ‘lock’

as the medial condyle’s longer, there’s more room for the tibia to move when the lateral stops, allowing internal rotation.

The ACL’s pulled up and tightened, pulling on the lateral condyle to help it move more

LABEL!

1. meniscofemoral ligament

2. lateral meniscus

3. popliteus

How’s the knee unlock

popliteal pulls on lateral meniscus so it unlocks

What’s a bursa

a structure allowing smooth movement of a tendon over a bone

what’s the bursa of the patella

suprapatellar bursa

LABEL

1. Joint capsule

2. infrapatellar fat pad

what’s vasculitis

inflammation of the tissue

LABEL the foot

1. 1st metatarsal

2. medial cuneiform

3. middle cuneiform

4. navicular

5. talus

6. calcaneous

7. cuboid…

8. lateral cuneiform

9. 5th metatarsal

10. phalanges

What movements do ankle joints allow

• plantarflexion

• dorsiflexion

• inversion

• eversion

the 2 joints of the ankle

talocrural joint

subtalor joint

what does the talocural joint allow

flexion & extensions

what bones are in the talocural joint

talus, tibia & fibula

what does the subtalor joint allow

inversion and eversion

what bones are the subtalor joint

calcaneous, cuboid, navicular

Label anterior leg muscles

1. extensor hallucis longus

2. extensor digitorum longus

3. tibialis anterior

what’s the tibialis anterior control

dorsiflexion & inversion w a friend :3

what’s the extensor digitorum longus control

toe extension

what’s the extension hallucis longus control

big toe extension

what innervates the anterior leg muscles

deep peroneal nerve

what blood vessels run through anterior leg muscles

tibial artery

LABEL lateral leg

Fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

what actions do the lateral leg muscles control

eversion of the foot

what innervates the lateral leg

superficial fibular nerve

what blood vessels supply the lateral leg

anterior tibial and fibular artery

what are the 4 facial compartments of the leg

anterior, lateral, superficial posterior and deep posterior

what can the leg compartments suffer from

compartment syndrome

Label superficial posterior leg muscles

1. gastrocnemius

2. soleus

3. plantaris

where does the gastrocnemius proximally attach to

the posterior bit of femoral condyle

what does the gastrocnemius allow

knee flexion

what’s the solus attach to and where is it relative to the gastrocnemius

only tibia

it’s deep. (under it)

what do the gastrocnemius and soleus form distally? what’s attach to

achillies tendon, attaching to the calcaneus

what’s the achilles tendon control

plantarflexion

what can’t you do if the achillies is ruptured

• loss of plantarflexion ofc

• can’t stand on tiptoes

when’s achillies often tear

weekend athletes

what’s fibre type

how quickly the muscles contract & generate energy

gastrocnemius vs soleus on fibre type

fast twitch, slow-twitch

function of gastrocnemius vs soleus

power (running, jumping)

posture- standing

Plantaris is vestigial. what’s that mean

lost its functionality over evolution. so some have it and others don’t

what can plantaris be used for

grafts

what’s grafting

when a tissue’s taken out and moved to another part of the body to heal, grow or repair something

often used in achillies, and other tendons

LABEL deep posterior leg muscles

1. Flexor hallucis longus

2. flexor digitorum longus

3. tibialis posterior

what action does tibialis posterior allow

inversion

what actions do the flexor digitorum longus do

flexion of the toes

what action does the flexus hallucis longus do

flexion of the big toe

What’s the popliteal fossa

a space behind the knee joint containing popliteal vessels and sciatic nerve as it divides into fibular/peroneal and tibial branches

LABEL. What superiorly borders the fossa

1. genicular vessels

2. popliteal vessels

3. gastrocnemius

hamstring muscles

how the popliteal fossa can be used

you can find pulse on the popliteal artery